Water pollution by agriculture

Moss, Brian

doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176

Cited by 404 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, WQI min was not able to separate the reference station and the others to a large extent, though some significant differences for the entire months were observed. One explanation of this can be that since both urban and domestic waste are also sources of the parameters included in the calculation of WOI min in rivers, streams and lakes (Carpenter et al, 1998;Mander et al, 2000;Neal and Jarvie, 2005;Jarvie et al, 2008 andMoss, 2008) it may not have clearly separated the affected sampling stations in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Water Quality Index as a Tool for Assessment of Status of an Urban Lake of Mumbai

Usman¹,

Dube²,

Shukla³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Water Quality Index as a Tool for Assessment of Status of an Urban Lake of Mumbai

Usman¹,

Dube²,

Shukla³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Such effects are called negative externalities because they are usually non-market effects and therefore their costs are not part of market prices. Negative externalities are one of the classic causes of market failure whereby the polluter does not pay the full costs of their actions, and therefore these costs are called external costs (Baumol & Oates 1988;Pretty et al 2000Pretty et al , 2003aDobbs & Pretty 2004;Moss 2008).…”

Section: Side Effects and Externalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence

Pretty

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,372

746

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Concerns about sustainability in agricultural systems centre on the need to develop technologies and practices that do not have adverse effects on environmental goods and services, are accessible to and effective for farmers, and lead to improvements in food productivity. Despite great progress in agricultural productivity in the past half-century, with crop and livestock productivity strongly driven by increased use of fertilizers, irrigation water, agricultural machinery, pesticides and land, it would be over-optimistic to assume that these relationships will remain linear in the future. New approaches are needed that will integrate biological and ecological processes into food production, minimize the use of those non-renewable inputs that cause harm to the environment or to the health of farmers and consumers, make productive use of the knowledge and skills of farmers, so substituting human capital for costly external inputs, and make productive use of people's collective capacities to work together to solve common agricultural and natural resource problems, such as for pest, watershed, irrigation, forest and credit management. These principles help to build important capital assets for agricultural systems: natural; social; human; physical; and financial capital. Improving natural capital is a central aim, and dividends can come from making the best use of the genotypes of crops and animals and the ecological conditions under which they are grown or raised. Agricultural sustainability suggests a focus on both genotype improvements through the full range of modern biological approaches and improved understanding of the benefits of ecological and agronomic management, manipulation and redesign. The ecological management of agroecosystems that addresses energy flows, nutrient cycling, population-regulating mechanisms and system resilience can lead to the redesign of agriculture at a landscape scale. Sustainable agriculture outcomes can be positive for food productivity, reduced pesticide use and carbon balances. Significant challenges, however, remain to develop national and international policies to support the wider emergence of more sustainable forms of agricultural production across both industrialized and developing countries.

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“…For example, Bowes et al [95] found that shading had far more impact on algal growth in the River Thames in England than reducing in-stream P concentrations. These uncertainties have led to more holistic approaches to eutrophication control in the hope that combined actions will have more chance of success [31]. ), which are typically close to limiting concentrations for algal growth in UK lowland rivers [95].…”

Section: Waterbody Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agriculture is now considered to be a major underlying and persistent cause of eutrophication in many catchments around the world [30][31][32][33]. However, nutrient loadings from agriculture are not easy to mitigate due to their storm-dependent and diffuse nature, and improvements in the chemical and/or ecological quality of many waterbodies impacted by farming still need to be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture and Eutrophication: Where Do We Go from Here?

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The eutrophication of surface waters has become an endemic global problem. Nutrient loadings from agriculture are a major driver, but it remains very unclear what level of on-farm controls are necessary or can be justified to achieve water quality improvements. In this review article, we use the UK as an example of societies' multiple stressors on water quality to explore the uncertainties and challenges in achieving a sustainable balance between useable water resources, diverse aquatic ecosystems and a viable agriculture. Our analysis shows that nutrient loss from agriculture is a challenging issue if farm productivity and profitability is to be maintained and increased. Legacy stores of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in catchments may be sufficient to sustain algal blooms and murky waters for decades to come and more innovation is needed to drawdown and recover these nutrients. Agriculture's impact on eutrophication risk may also be overestimated in many catchments, and more accurate accounting of sources, their bioavailabilities and lag times is needed to direct proportioned mitigation efforts more effectively. Best practice farms may still be leaky and incompatible with good water quality in high-risk areas requiring some prioritization of society goals. All sectors of society must clearly use N and P more efficiently to develop long-term sustainable solutions to this complex issue and nutrient reduction strategies should take account of the whole catchment-to-coast continuum. However, the right balance of local interventions OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 5854 (including additional biophysical controls) will need to be highly site specific and better informed by research that unravels the linkages between sustainable farming practices, patterns of nutrient delivery, biological response and recovery trajectories in different types of waterbodies.

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Water pollution by agriculture

Cited by 404 publications

References 65 publications

Water Quality Index as a Tool for Assessment of Status of an Urban Lake of Mumbai

Water Quality Index as a Tool for Assessment of Status of an Urban Lake of Mumbai

Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence

Agriculture and Eutrophication: Where Do We Go from Here?

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