Our health depends on clean drinking water, which is referred as “liquid goldin this chapter. It emphasizes the need of water testing in public health and the variety of toxins that may degrade water quality. Pure drinking water aids digestion, nutrition absorption, and temperature regulation. However, germs, viruses, parasites, industrial discharge chemicals, and heavy metals like lead and mercury may cause health problems. Addressing these issues requires rigorous water testing. It stresses continual monitoring, modern technology, and water quality regulations. The study also discusses how regulatory organizations enforce these criteria and ensure drinking water safety. The article also addresses outdated infrastructure and pharmaceutical pollutants. Investments in infrastructure renovation, research, and community participation are stressed. Community accountability and water monitoring participation are also promoted via education. Thus, ensuring clean drinking water is a complicated but vital task that involves cooperation from people, communities, and regulators.