Assessment of environmental activities in the Baikal natural territory is an important direction of nature management rationalization in the region due to the high nature-oriented status of the territory as a World Heritage Site and the uniqueness of its natural, ecological, cultural and historical features. Analysis of the existing structure of nature management in the Republic of Buryatia has shown a vast variety of natural benefits that are not fully used at the present time, and in this connection, it is necessary to identify priority areas of using natural resource potential with an increase in the scale of environmental activities. It is extremely important to identify current and potential conflicts of nature management associated with the state regulation of environmental protection and the search for priority investment objects, the daily activities of the population living in specially protected natural areas. Modern legislation concerning the protection of lake Baikal needs to be revised, due to the inability of local population to conduct the necessary activities in the Baikal natural territory in the conditions of environmental restrictions.