Water Quality and Health

Tebbutt, T.H.Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-028704-1.50010-2

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It is the most electronegative and reactive of all the elements and as a result, elemental fluorine does not occur in nature but is found as fluoride mineral complexes. Fluorides account for 0.06 -0.08% of the Earth's crust but their average abundance is low (300 mg kg -1 ; Tebbutt 1983). Unlike some of the other halogens, the majority of fluoride in the Earth's surface is derived from rock minerals whereas other sources such as air; seawater and anthropogenic activities constitute a relatively small proportion (Fuge 1988;Lahermo et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe

Fordyce

Vrana

Zhovinsky

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

146

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Like many elements, fluorine (which generally occurs in nature as fluoride) is beneficial to human health in trace amounts but can be toxic in excess. The links between low intakes of fluoride and dental protection are well known, however, fluoride is a powerful calcium-seeking element and can interfere with the calcified structure of bones and teeth in the human body at higher concentration causing dental or skeletal fluorosis. One of the main exposure routes is via drinking water and the World Health Organisation currently set water quality guidelines for the element. In Central Europe, groundwater resources that exceed the guideline value of 1.5 mg L

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe

Fordyce

Vrana

Zhovinsky

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

146

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“…The samples were taken from outline area from the wastewater of the vegetable and chrome tannery, in equal volumes. The samples were first screened to remove hair and skins pieces and then neutralized by adding sulfuric acid (50 wt%) to a final pH of (7)(8)(9). Sedimentation (settling) process was then carried out to reduce the solid content to about 65% within 2-3 h. A specified volume of the sample (30 Lit) was placed in the bath.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary treatment processes commonly consist of biological processes. This means that living organisms which control the environment of the process are used to partially stabilize (oxidize) organic matter not previously removed by treatment processes and to convert it into a form which is easier to remove from the wastewater [8]. Sedimentation or primary treatment makes the wastewater much clearer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Biochemical Treatment of Tannery Wastewater

Ibrahim¹,

Alwan²,

Barbooti³

2008

IJCPE

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The present work is concerned with the finding of the optimum conditions for biochemical wastewater treatment for a local tannery. The water samples were taken from outline areas (the wastewater of the chrome and vegetable tannery) in equal volumes and subjected to sedimentation, biological treatment, and chemical and natural sedimentation treatment.The Box-Wilson method of experimental design was adopted to find useful relationships between three operating variables that affect the treatment processes (temperature, aeration period and phosphate concentration) on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5).The experimental data collected by this method were successfully fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model. The most favorable operating conditions for the treatment are;Temperature 32.5oC,Aeration period 10 hours andphosphate concentration 16.8 mg/L.On using the optimum conditions a mathematical model simulating the operation for the treatment was obtained.

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“…From the above results, it was found that the rate of chloride in the incoming and outgoing water from the station did not exceed Iraqi specifications, but there has been a noticeable uptick, and the reason for the high values of the chloride rate in the treated water is due to the decomposition of organic materials and the complexes contained in sewage waste, in addition to what human excretion adds. of chloride, as it reaches 6 g / day [12].…”

Section: Chloridementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The dissolved oxygen record in the incoming water to the station during the winter and summer seasons was a rate of (3.5 mg ∕ L), and the dissolved oxygen record in the station treated water during the two study seasons was a rate of (5.75 mg ∕ L) and the allowable limit was (2.8 mg ∕ L), The efficiency of the station was for dissolved oxygen℅ 0.64. The figure 00 The results showed a clear increase in the dissolved oxygen values, as the reason for the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the treatment plants is due to the poor automatic operating system used in this station in operating the ventilation devices, which depends on the dissolved oxygen sensor, which is located in the ventilation basin, in addition to the power outage [12]. Table 1 shows concentration of some pollution determinants in the city of Ramadi (the wastewater treatment plant in the Women's and Children's Hospital).…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq

KARIM

Mahmood

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the wastewater treatment station in the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in the city of Ramadi. Samples were collected from the treatment plant (water entering the station and treated water) during the two study seasons (summer and winter). As some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water entering the station and the treated water were studied to find out the efficiency of this station. It included the physical properties (temperature and conductivity), while the chemical properties included (pH, chloride, total hardness, nitrates, and COD, Oils, greases and dissolved oxygen). Biological characteristics include the biological requirement for oxygen. As it was noted that the efficiency of the station in getting rid of the conductivity is 18.38the chloride is 6.79%, the total hardness is 55.58%, the nitrates are 26.3%, and the COD is 30.6%, while the efficiency of the station for the disposal of oils and greases was 40.5% and BOD 49.23%,. The results of the study showed that the use of the water coming out of the station for irrigation and drinking purposes is not valid because some of the determinants exceeded the permissible limit.

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Water Quality and Health

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe

A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe

Optimization of Biochemical Treatment of Tannery Wastewater

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq

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