Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time

Angelakιs, Andreas N.; Vuorinen, Heikki S.; Nikolaidis, Christos; Juuti, Petri; Katko, Tapio S.; Juuti, Riikka P.; Zhang, Junfeng Jim; Samonis, George

doi:10.3390/w13060752

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In recent decades, there has been an advancement in medical technology, an improvement in social welfare, global economic development, an improvement in living standards, a gradual improvement in sanitary conditions, a reduction in human infection and even the death rate, and an increase in the average life span [1,2]. Although human beings can live longer, the birth rate has been declining year by year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Development of Religious and Cultural Tourism Build a Sustainable and Friendly Life and Leisure Environment for the Elderly and Promote Physical and Mental Health?

Lin

Chang

Tseng

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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From the perspective of satisfaction, physical and mental health, and re-travel, this study explored whether the development of religious and cultural tourism could construct a sustainable and friendly life and leisure environment for the elderly to promote physical and mental health. This research adopted a mixed method, collected 700 questionnaires, used SPSS 22.0 statistical software, and analyzed basic statistics, t-test, and PPMCC test. Then, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews, collected the opinions of six interviewees, and finally analyzed with multiple checks Law discussion. The results found that people of different genders and stakeholders had different opinions about DIY activities on leisure satisfaction, featured itineraries, relaxation areas, signs and instructions, community association and service center services, historical landmarks, and public transportation. They found people’s life satisfaction in physical and mental health was increased, their headaches or pressures on the top of their heads were relieved, backache problems were reduced, and they were no longer anxious and lost tempers. They had a greater willingness to revisit some places and share experiences. This study found significant differences among these topics (p < 0.01). Women, residents, and tourists had different opinions. In addition, although the natural environment landscape and feelings have the greatest influence, the better the physical and mental health was improved, the better the willingness to travel. However, the more perfect the local construction and development, the less favorable to attract people to engage in leisure activities or tourism consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Development of Religious and Cultural Tourism Build a Sustainable and Friendly Life and Leisure Environment for the Elderly and Promote Physical and Mental Health?

Lin

Chang

Tseng

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kramek and Loh reported an example illustrating this situation in Philadelphia [33], USA; several hundred typhoid deaths occurred in 1900 due to water pollution. Following the completion of a filtration construction in 1912 and the chlorination of the city water supply in 1913, typhoid deaths were dramatically reduced [9]. This fact demonstrates that there is a direct connection between sanitation measures and human health and, furthermore, that technological pro-…”

Section: Water Quality In Contemporary Times (1900 Ad-present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Life expectancy in the Hellenic world was very short, which is mainly attributable to poor water quality; the connection between water quality and life expectancy and how these have entangled and influenced each other over time has been studied by a recent study, where several examples from all over the world were considered [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Angelakιs

Dercas

Tzanakakis

2022

Water

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Water quality is a fundamental issue for the survival of a city, especially on dry land. In ancient times, water availability determined the location and size of villages and cities. Water supply and treatment methods were developed and perfected along with the evolution of urbanization. In Europe, after the fall of the Roman Empire, water supply and sewage systems went through fundamental changes. However, in medieval times, the lack of proper sanitation and low water quality increased the spreading and effects of epidemics. The importance of potable water quality was established during modern times. In Greece, the significance of water filtration and disinfection was not understood until the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the beneficial effects of water quality and sanitation on human health and especially on life expectancy are considered. In Greece and other countries, a dramatic increase in life expectancy mainly after the 2nd World War is probably due to the improvement of potable water quality and hygiene conditions. However, since the mid-20th century, new water quality issues have emerged, such as eutrophication, the improvement of water treatment technologies, as well as chemical and microbiological water pollution problems. This study, in addition to the historical evolution of water quality, highlights and discusses the current issues and challenges with regard to the management and protection of water quality, including global changes in population and urbanization, lack of infrastructure, use of nonconventional water resources, spreading of emerging pollutants and contaminants (e.g., antibiotics and microplastics), and climatic variability impacts. Against these, a review of the main proposed strategies and measures is presented and discussed to protect water quality and maintain water supplies for the future. Understanding the practices and solutions of the past provides a lens with which to view the present and future.

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“…Such technologies could be created by combining advanced desalination and water reuse in attractive megacities [127]. In addition, new scientific breakthroughs will help to better understand the importance of criteria in both water and treated wastewater and their effects on human health [128]. New guidelines and regulations will need to be developed to understand the reflection of these enhanced biological and chemical processes.…”

Section: Epiloguementioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future

Angelakιs

Valipour

Choo

et al. 2021

Water

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Water is life, and without water, there would be no civilizations and a vacant Earth. Water is considered an abundant natural resource on the earth. Water covers 3/4 of the surface. However, 97% of the available water on the earth is salty oceanic water, and only a tiny fraction (3%) is freshwater. This small portion of the available water supplies the needs of humans and animals. However, freshwater exists in underground, rivers, and lakes and is insufficient to cover all the world’s water demands. Thus, water saving, water reuse, rainwater harvesting, stormwater utilization, and desalination are critical for maintaining water supplies for the future of humanity. Desalination has a long history spanning centuries from ancient times to the present. In the last two decades, desalination has been rapidly expanding to meet water needs in stressed water regions of the world. Yet, there are still some problems with its implementation in several areas of the world. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the history of desalination for wiser and smarter water extraction and uses to sustain and support the water needs of the earth’s inhabitants.

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Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Can the Development of Religious and Cultural Tourism Build a Sustainable and Friendly Life and Leisure Environment for the Elderly and Promote Physical and Mental Health?

Can the Development of Religious and Cultural Tourism Build a Sustainable and Friendly Life and Leisure Environment for the Elderly and Promote Physical and Mental Health?

Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future

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