Water quality assessment of Rawanduz River and Gali Ali Beg stream by applied CCME WQI with survey aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera)

Abstract

The population of Ephemeroptera was studied in three selected stations of Rawanduz River (Gali Ali Beg water fall, Rawanduz River and after the junction of these two waters) during the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn in 2016. In addition,sixteen physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, turbidity, DO, BOD5, NO3, TDN, TDP, HCO3-, Hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, Na% and SAR) of water in these stations were estimated and used to calculate the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Eleven species of aquatic insects were identified,which belong to four families of the order Ephemeroptera. Three of the studied species are described for the first time. According to water quality index, the water was ranked as poor for drinking and marginal for irrigation purposes.

Distribution and diversity of aquatic insects in different water bodies of Qatar

“…The Margalef's index values greater than 3 are indicator of clean conditions, values less than one (1) indicate heavy pollution, while values between one to three (1-3) indicate moderately polluted conditions (Lenat and Penrose, 1980). The findings of this study showed values less than 1 for Margalef's index, which indicates heavy pollution by organic material at these habitats (Hanna and Shekha, 2015).…”

“…In the most parts of the State with favorable climatic conditions, development has led to the creation of more permanent as well as temporary breeding sites for mosquitoes (Alkhayat et al, 2020). Although aquatic insects have been thoroughly investigated in the region (Shekha, 2011;Gattolliat et al, 2012;Abd El-Wakeil and Al-Thomali, 2013;Hanna and Shekha, 2015). However, knowledge of freshwater fauna in Qatar is extremely limited, and there is no detailed study on aquatic insects, hence, the main objective of this study is to report the diversity and distribution of insects, thriving the aquatic habitats of Qatar.…”

Influence of Ion Pairs and Activity on the Index of Irrigation Water Quality Relying on Some Modern Terms in Erbil Governorate. *

“…In 10 years before, the classification of groundwater mainly depended on (IWQI). There are numerous studies about water quality and irrigation water quality index which were conducted by (Shekha, 2008, Hanna et al,2019, Meireles et al, 2010, Maia and Rodrigues, 2012, Rajab 2015and, Ameen 2019 but, most of them do not include the combined effect of parameters such as (CROSSo, MCAR, SP, SAR, and RSC) on irrigation water quality index or water class, IWQI calculations use the most commonly measured parameters as mentioned before, on the other hand, there are no studies about the effect of correcting ion pair and ion pair plus activity on irrigation water quality index. however, some studies included the effect of correcting ion pairs and ion pairs plus activity on the conversion of water class from class to other, but they depended on one parameter only for example RSC or SAR or SP, for this reason, this study was selected to focusing on the role of correcting of ion pairs and ion pairs plus activity on IWQI using five parameters which included the main cations and anions.…”

Water Quality Index of the Tigris River in the Central of Iraq

“…The water quality index (WQI) is the total number of observations of water quality criteria that are used to make a single number that shows the overall quality of the water. This means that a lot of information about the quality of water is combined into a single value [7][8][9]. Most of the time, the WQI is measured on a scale from 0 to 100 [10], where higher numbers mean better water quality and lower numbers mean worse water quality [11][12][13].…”