Water quality before and after deep tunnel operation in milwaukee, wisconsin

Razak, Irwan A. Ab; Christensen, Erik R.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00556-x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This test is independent of whether its shape is linear or non-linear (Mann 1945;Kendall 1975). WMO (2000) defined it to be an official tool in detection of trends in hydrologic data and many studies showed this test to be efficient in identifying trends in hydrologic and other variables, especially in the context of the ongoing climate change (e.g., Westmacott and Burn 1997;Ab Razak and Christensen 2001;Hisdal et al 2001;Yue et al 2002). The MannKendall test statistic is given by:…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of recent climate change on the hydrology of coastal Mediterranean rivers in Southern France

2009

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the regional impact of recent climate change on the water resources in southern France. We produced spatial reconstructions of the monthly evolutions of temperature, precipitation and water discharge in 15 watersheds of six coastal river basins and examined the major changes based on trend analysis for the last 40 years. In this part of the Mediterranean, the general warming trend was strongly enhanced by changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns, characterized by a northward extension of the subtropical high pressure domain during spring and summer. During these seasons, monthly warming rates could achieve almost twice the mean annual warming rates. Although annual precipitation did not follow clear trends, water discharge significantly decreased in one third of the watersheds and accounted for an estimated 20% reduction of the water resources in this region. This concerns both the highest and lowest watersheds. In the former, the reduction is likely the result of a temperature induced switch of snowfall to rainfall at high altitudes. In the latter, the reduction of discharge seems to come from lower groundwater levels, which may be related to the temperature increase too, but also have other origins. The recent climatic evolution is consistent with most modelling simulations for the future, indicating that the reduction of the water resources will hold on, probably still enhanced by decreases in precipitation.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of recent climate change on the hydrology of coastal Mediterranean rivers in Southern France

2009

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“…The MK test searches for a trend in a time series without specifying whether the trend is linear or non-linear. It was found to be an excellent tool for trend detection, and many scientists used this test to assess the significance of trends in geochemical and hydroclimatic time series such as water quality, streamflow, temperature and precipitation (Westmacott and Burn, 1997;Serrano et al, 1999;Hisdal et al, 2001;Ab Razak and Christensen, 2001;Burn and Hag Elnur, 2002;Yue et al, 2002). A more detailed description of the MK test can be found, for example, in Helsel and Hirsch (1992).…”

Section: Trend Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the impact of the recent temperature increase on the hydrology of the Têt River (Southern France)

Ludwig

Serrat

Cesmat

et al. 2004

Journal of Hydrology

157

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“…Ab Razak and Christensen (2001) investigated the benefits of the Milwaukee deep tunnel for temporary storage of storm water and sewage, on the water quality of the Milwaukee, Menomonee, and Kinnickinnic Rivers. Statistical analysis of BOD, P, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, Zn, and chloride indicated that the Menomonee River benefited the most from the deep tunnel since 1994 when the tunnel came on line.…”

Section: Airport Deicer Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%