Water quality evaluation in Tidal River reaches of Liaohe River Estuary, China using a revised QUAL2K model

Abstract

Rivers in the Liaohe River Estuary area have been seriously polluted by discharges of wastewater containing petroleum pollutants and nutrients. In this paper, The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2K) and its revised model as well as One-dimensional Tide Mean Model (1D model) were applied to predict and assess the water quality of the tidal river reach of the Liaohe River Estuary. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were chosen as water quality indices in the two model simulations. The modelled results show that the major reasons for degraded rivers remain petroleum and non-point source pollution. Tidal water also has a critical effect on the variation of water quality. The sensitivity analysis identifies that flow rate, point load and diffuse load are the most sensitive parameters for the four water quality indices in the revised QUAL2K simulation. Uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation gives the probability distribution of the four water quality indices at two locations (6.50 km and 44.84 km from the river mouth). The statistical outcomes indicate that the observed data fall within the 90% confidence intervals at all sites measured, and show that the revised QUAL2K gives better results in simulating the water quality of a tidal river.

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“…Gomes et al (2018) também encontraram o mesmo problema para a variável, observando que quando há uma alta variabilidade das concentrações das variáveis de qualidade, o modelo QUAL-UFMG não consegue representar de forma satisfatória a qualidade da água no curso d'água. Resultados semelhantes também foram encontrados nos estudos de Salla et al (2013) e Hanfeng et al (2013).…”

“…Com a utilização dos modelos matemáticos é possível prever as reações do corpo hídrico a eventuais alterações externas, realizando assim abordagens sobre os principais processos que se desenvolvem no ecossistema aquático e subsidiando ações de gestão e planejamento dos recursos hídricos nas bacias hidrográficas. Usualmente, os modelos vêm sendo aplicados principalmente na estimativa de impactos P a g e | 147 Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais v.11 -n.2  Fev a Mar 2020 provenientes do lançamento de efluentes domésticos e industriais (CHO et al, 2010;FAN et al, 2013;GOMES et al, 2018;GONÇALVES et al, 2012;HANFENG et al, 2013;SALLA et al, 2013;SARDINHA et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2017;SILVA et al, 2018;TEODORO et al, 2013).…”

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“…These models are designed in various types and for different purposes. Since more parameters can be studied by making use of them, they are widely employed for controlling and managing the quality of water bodies (Ye et al, 2013).…”

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“…At the same time, there is uncertainty due to imprecise opinion of the experts required for developing various COVID-19 scenarios used in the Bayesian model ( Rehana and Mujumdar, 2009 ; Srinivas et al, 2018 ). Ye et al (2013) simultaneously used fuzzy logic and probability distribution functions for water quality management. Pan et al (2018) solved uncertainty, hesitancy, and parameterization problems associated with the water reuse in Penticton city using generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft set-based decision-making framework.…”