Water Quality from the Sources of Non-Centralized Water Supply within the Rural Settlements of Zhytomyr Region

Abstract

The research was conducted within the territories of rural settlements of Zhytomyr region. A total of 72 sources of non-centralized water supply were surveyed. Water quality was assessed by physical and chemical (pH, iron total, total water hardness) and toxicological (nitrites, nitrates, and ammonium) indicators, the content of which was compared with the norms given in the State Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water Intended for Human Consumption.” The assessment of drinking water quality was carried out in accordance with DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 and with the water quality index (WQI). It was found that the largest deviations from the norm among toxicological indicators were observed for nitrates – 63.9%. In terms of water quality classes according to DSTU 4808:2007, drinking water from sources of non-centralized water supply of villages showed the following distribution: 2.8% of the samples belonged to class 1 (excellent water quality), 72.2% to class 2, and 25% to class 3. According to WQI, 16.7% of the examined sources of non-centralized water supply had excellent water, 63.9% had good water, and 19.4% had poor water. Despite the fact that the water from the investigated sources of non-centralized water supply was of acceptable quality, it is impotable due to the excessive nitrate content. The results obtained show that there is a need for monitoring of drinking water quality from the sources of non-centralized water supply, especially in rural settlements that are not provided with centralized water supply.

Gis-Based Assessment of Risk for Drinking Water Contamination to Children’s Health in Rural Settlements

“…Since the health of the population depends on the quality of the water, it is becoming more and more relevant to examine the risks to human health posed by the continual intake of poor-quality water. Numerous Ukrainian studies currently discuss the assessment of drinking water quality from noncentralized water supply sources and its effects on public health (Herasymchuk et al, 2022;Romanchuk et al, 2021;Huschuk et al, 2018;Lototska, Prokopov, 2018, etc.). Foreign scientists from many countries of the world also have investigated this issue, particularly in India (Giri, Singh, 2015;Karunanidhi et al, 2021), Bangladesh (Ghosh et al, 2020), Iran (Parvizishad et al, 2017;Qasemi et al, 2018;Aghapour et al, 2021), China (Yu et al, 2020), Indonesia (Sadler et al, 2016), Pakistan (Khalid et al, 2018), the USA (Wheeler et al, 2015;Rogan et al, 2009), Spain (Zufiaurre et al, 2020), Kenya (Nyambura et al, 2020), Bulgaria (Vladeva et al, 2000), Romania (Moldovan et al, 2020), and others, including the use of geographic information system (GIS) technologies (Ni et al, 2009;Shalyari et al, 2019).…”