Water Quality in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, versus Intake Crib Location

Christensen, Erik R.; Phoomiphakdeephan, Wasunthara; Razak, Irwan A. Ab

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:5(492)

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This method was often applied by the fields of soil science, ground water, and mining industry. However, extensive applications can be found for surface water quality, precipitation networks, and precipitation chemistry [5,11,19,34,36,81].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Site Selection of Watershed Hydrological Monitoring Stations Using Remote Sensing and Grey Integer Programming

Chang

Makkeasorn

2009

Environ Model Assess

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Precipitation, infiltration and percolation, stream flow, plant transpiration, soil moisture changes, and groundwater recharge are all intimately related with each other to form water balance dynamics on the surface of the Earth. To monitor change in hydrological systems with minimum effort, however, hydrological monitoring networks at the watershed scale should be deployed at critical locations to advance the monitoring and sensing capability. One of the science questions is how to develop an optimum arrangement/ distribution strategy of those monitoring platforms with respect to hydrological components subject to technical and resources constraints. While the complexities arise from the integration of highly heterogeneous data streams in the hydrological cycle under uncertainty, there is an acute need to develop a site screening and sequencing procedure permitting a cost-effective search for final site selection. This paper purports to develop such an approach to address the optimal site selection strategy by integrating satellite remote sensing images with a grey integer programming (GIP) model. The approach uses spatial information on the range of likely values temporally encountered for a number of biophysical descriptors in support of the optimization analysis under uncertainty. Practical implementation was assessed by a case study in a semi-arid watershed-the Choke Canyon Reservoir watershed, south Texas. GIS-based GIP modeling technique successfully supports the screening and sequencing mechanism based on the composite satellite images, which smoothly prioritizes the relative importance and provides the rank order scores across all candidate sites. With the aid of such a synergistic approach, seven locations out of 563 candidate sites were eventually selected and confirmed by a field investigation.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Site Selection of Watershed Hydrological Monitoring Stations Using Remote Sensing and Grey Integer Programming

Chang

Makkeasorn

2009

Environ Model Assess

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“…Thus, a high level of consumer compliance would give the utility considerably more time to execute repairs and flush the system. 20 From the base-case, noncompliance of beta(x ϭ 200, y ϭ 200), and range 0.45-0.55. 21 Noncompliance is modeled as beta(x ϭ 200, y ϭ 200), with range 0.01-0.05.…”

Section: Curtailing a Cryptosporidiosis Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another widespread source of Cryptosporidium oocysts is treated human sewage, discharged into bodies of water eventually used for drinking water. Oocysts are not completely removed by conventional wastewater treatment (17)(18)(19)(20) or by most conventional drinkingwater treatments. (21) More recent analyses point to treated sewage effluent, and not livestock manure, as the major source of the Milwaukee outbreak.…”

Section: Sources and Exposure Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Risk Model of a Drinking‐Water – Borne Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak

et al. 2000

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A dynamic risk model is developed to track the occurrence and evolution of a drinking-water-borne cryptosporidiosis outbreak. The model characterizes and integrates the various environmental, medical, institutional, and behavioral factors that determine outbreak development and outcome. These include contaminant delivery and detection, water treatment efficiency, the timing of interventions, and the choices that people make when confronted with a known or suspected risk. The model is used to evaluate the efficacy of alternative strategies for improving risk management during an outbreak, and to identify priorities for improvements in the public health system. Modeling results indicate that the greatest opportunity for curtailing a large outbreak is realized by minimizing delays in identifying and correcting a drinking-water problem. If these delays cannot be reduced, then the effectiveness of risk communication in preemptively reaching and persuading target populations to avoid exposure becomes important.

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“…Alle vier Ausbrüche standen in einem unmittelbaren Zusammenhang zu der Einleitung von nicht gereinigtem Abwasser in die Bucht von Milwaukee, aus dem Teil des Michigan-Sees, aus dem auch das Trinkwasser für die Stadt gewonnen wird.Alle vier Ausbrüche traten im frühen Frühjahr auf, wenn in dieser Region starke Niederschläge niedergehen.In Chicago ist es demgegenüber aber, soweit bekannt, seit 1916 nicht mehr zu trinkwasserbedingten Ausbrüchen gekommen, obwohl auch das Trinkwasser für Chicago aus dem Michigan-See gewonnen wird.In Chica-Mit dem Trinkwasser können, wie sich in der Vergangenheit gezeigt hat, Krankheitserreger übertragen werden. Speziell der Kryptosporidienausbruch von Milwaukee 1993 [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] und Anfang des 20.…”

Section: Zusammenfassungunclassified

“…Ende März/Anfang April 1993 ist es zum Ausbruch einer Kryptosporidienepidemie in Milwaukee gekommen, die in einer Reihe von Veröffentlichungen ihren Niederschlag gefunden hat [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Die ersten Hinweise für einen Ausbruch erreichten die Gesundheitsabteilung der Stadt Milwaukee am 5.…”

Section: Der Kryptosporidienausbruch Von 1993unclassified

Beobachtungen über parasitenbedingte Ausbrüche durch Trinkwasser und Maßnahmen zu deren Vermeidung

Schoenen¹

2001

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschu

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Water Quality in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, versus Intake Crib Location

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Optimal Site Selection of Watershed Hydrological Monitoring Stations Using Remote Sensing and Grey Integer Programming

Optimal Site Selection of Watershed Hydrological Monitoring Stations Using Remote Sensing and Grey Integer Programming

An Integrated Risk Model of a Drinking‐Water – Borne Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak

Beobachtungen über parasitenbedingte Ausbrüche durch Trinkwasser und Maßnahmen zu deren Vermeidung

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