Water Quality Index for Municipal Water Supply of Attock City, Punjab, Pakistan

Khan, Humera

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_117

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the indices used to assess the quality of groundwater (Bhimanagouda, et al 2020). Khan (2010) used the WQI to assess the water quality in Pakistan based on the NO −3 , SO4 −2 , DO, pH, and EC, values. The findings revealed that water contamination is a huge problem in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variations of groundwater quality index using geostatistical methods and GIS

Ababakr,

Ahmed,

Amini

et al. 2023

Appl Water Sci

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A groundwater quality map serves as a deterrent mechanism that provides insight into likely environmental health predicaments. The objective of this study was to create map and evaluate the quality and changes in groundwater during the study period in Erbil, Iraq. Based on the 13 groundwater parameters, the water quality index (WQI) was calculated for 61 wells from 2015 to 2017 for wet and dry seasons. To generate WQI maps, two geostatistical analyst tools in Geographical Information Systems, including Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) were used. For determining the most suitable method, statistical indices were applied to the obtained data. The results showed that the Kriging method increases the prediction accuracy compared to the IDW method. The water quality in 2017 was decreased compared to the previous years and the WQI was increased from 1.64% to 11.47%. Untreated domestic and industrial wastewater causes groundwater pollution which was the main reason for the decrease in the water quality of Erbil city.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variations of groundwater quality index using geostatistical methods and GIS

Ababakr,

Ahmed,

Amini

et al. 2023

Appl Water Sci

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“…In Pakistan, the water deterioration is a serious health concern with the increase in urbanization. Pakistan still relies on traditional methods and tools for collecting water samples manually based on human intervention (Qadir et al 2008;Khan 2010;Nazeer et al 2014;Bhatti et al 2018). This is a tedious and complex task which requires manual labor and is dependent on availability and access to sample collection sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of correlation amongst physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters for measuring water quality of Rawal watershed using remote sensing

et al. 2022

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The quality of water is traditionally assessed by the collection of physico-chemical parameters, i.e., pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the water bodies. However, the variations in environmental factors may have an impact on the quality of water, as changes in these attributes may affect the water bodies. These factors include the topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of the watershed. In this study, the relationship amongst the physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of Rawal watershed was evaluated. The parameters included in the present study could be classified as follows: (a) water quality parameters (b) topographical parameters, (c) geological parameters, (d) lithological parameters, and (e) soil type parameters. Water quality parameters consisted of dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and temperature. The topographical parameters include the slope and aspect of the watershed while the lithological, geological and soil type parameters include the lithology, geology and soil type of the watershed. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship amongst these different parameters. The results have revealed that the correlations of the topographical, lithological, geological parameters with the water quality parameters in the Rawal watershed for the monsoon seasons of June to August mostly have the same trend. Throughout the four year time period, turbidity and temperature parameters had positive correlations with soil type (ranging 0.03–0.24), however had weak correlation with geological and lithological parameters. Dissolved oxygen did not show any relationship with topographical and lithological parameters. The results for pH show that it has weak to fair positive correlations with topographical parameters. However, this analysis is based on the Landsat 8 images extracted for the monsoon seasons of the years of 2017–2020, and to examine a more prominent impact of geographical or environmental factors on the physico-chemical features, a large dataset should be considered.

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“…Global water resource contamination is increasing due to diverse human activities and population growth, which raised international alarm about quality of water [6]. Regular monitoring the quality of water and advising ways for protecting water resources are necessary in all countries, especially in developing countries which have a rapid urbanization [10], [11] and [12]. Water quality can be defined in terms of its chemical, physical, and biological characteristics which show the suitability of water for different uses such as drinking, industrial, agricultural, and domestic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hamaamin

Abdullah

2020

UHD J SCI TECH

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Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

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Water Quality Index for Municipal Water Supply of Attock City, Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Spatio-temporal variations of groundwater quality index using geostatistical methods and GIS

Spatio-temporal variations of groundwater quality index using geostatistical methods and GIS

Assessment of correlation amongst physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters for measuring water quality of Rawal watershed using remote sensing

Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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