Water Quality Index of Tigris River Within Baghdad City: A Review

Abstract

Tigris River is the only potable source in Baghdad city therefor many water treatment plants were built on the banks such as Al-Karkh, Sharq Dijla, Al-Sadr, Al-Wathba, Al-Karama, AlQadisia, Al-Dora, Al-Wahda, and Al-Rashed project. Tigris River suffers from the pollution that comes from various sources such as Industry, domestic sanitation, and farming activities therefore several indices were used to calculate water quality within Baghdad to convert physicochemical parameters of water to a single value that represents the river status (good, bad, very bad, etc..).The aim of this review paper to show the results of previous studies about the water quality for the Baghdad region. Most results showed that water quality was good in the north of the city of Baghdad and bad in the south of Baghdad. The deterioration of water quality was due to many reasons such as the discharge of wastewater directly into the river without pretreatment, increase in (Electic conductivity, Turbidity, and total suspended solids, total hardness, Iron ion, the fecal coliform)concentrations, and Climate change, therefore, Tigris River needs intensive treatment before using by humans.

Influence of Subcritical Water Pretreatment Temperature on Pineapple Waste Biogas Efficiency: Experimental and Kinetic Study

“…Pineapple leaves and peels are the main waste associated with pineapple commercialization, and almost a thousand tonnes of solid waste are produced Original Research every year. The overabundance of these wastes frequently goes untapped and is typically disposed of in landfills, leading to significant environmental issues [3]. This waste interferes with the environmental systems, contaminates the area, and raises the likelihood of spreading infectious illnesses [4,5].…”