Water Quality Indices and GIS-based evaluation of a decadal groundwater quality

Abstract

The water quality data of fixed 44 wells were monitored during post-and pre-monsoon season 2005-2013 of Kanchipuram district of state Tamil Nadu, India. Water Quality Indices (WQIs) methodology was applied to categorize groundwater on the basis of rating. In total, 13 groundwater quality parameters: calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium (Mg 2+), sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), bicarbonate (HCO 3 −), nitrate (NO 3 −), chloride (Cl −), fluoride (F −), sulphate (SO 4 2−), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were taken for statistical analysis. Three different WQI models were computed using a decadal physicochemical water quality data mainly for drinking (WQI 1 and WQI 2) and irrigation (WQI 3) need. The WQIs variability thematic maps were generated in the Geographical Information System environment through ArcGIS software. These spatial distribution maps of WQI provide a detailed overview. The work outlined that the groundwater of the area is impaired by the anthropogenic activities and needs proper management plan to control further contamination and pollution of the groundwater of the area. Further, the groundwater of few monitoring wells needs a proper treatment before its consumptive uses. The alternative water supply should be provided to local inhabitants for daily uses.

Comparative evaluation of models to estimate direct runoff volume from an agricultural watershed

“…Factor K was estimated to provide proper weight (Rawat and Singh, 2018) to selected statistical index (all used statistical test) as:…”

Study of Spatial Variation of Groundwater Quality Parameters and its Contamination in Ropar District of Punjab

“…It is first of all stored in excel and then imported to the ArcMap. For preparing the spatial distribution maps in the Spatial Analyst module in ArcGIS out of kriging, spline, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Cokriging, IDW method has been adopted in this study [10]. In IDW method a weight is assigned to the unknown point.…”

Spatial and temporal assessment of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes in Urmia Lake Basin, Iran

“…These approaches are useful in finding the complicated relationships among the physicochemical parameters of water resources (Wang et al 2014;Ustaoglu et al 2020). Control of groundwater quality can be done using the water quality index (WQI) which has been widely used by numerous researchers (Sahu & Sikdar 2008;Bhuiyan et al 2016;Sethy et al 2016;Rawat & Singh 2018;Sharmin et al 2020). One of the advantages of WQI is its capability of overall assessment of physicochemical parameters (Abtahi et al 2015).…”