Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Kohlitz, Jeremy; Smith, Michael D.

doi:10.2166/ws.2014.093

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The approach supports the identification and management of observable conditions or circumstances that may favour certain hazardous events and introduce hazards which may become a risk to health [7]. Published studies show that SIs have a number of additional applications, such as a surveillance tool [11,12], for operational purposes [13,14], as a component of a WSP [15], in research [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], and in outbreak investigation [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Risk Assessments by Sanitary Inspection for Small Drinking-Water Supplies—Qualitative Evidence

et al. 2020

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Small drinking-water supplies face particular challenges in terms of their management. Being vulnerable to contamination but often not monitored regularly nor well-maintained, small drinking-water supplies may pose consequences for health of users. Sanitary inspection (SI) is a risk assessment tool to identify and manage observable conditions of the water supply technology or circumstances in the catchment area that may favour certain hazardous events and introduce hazards which may become a risk to health. This qualitative research aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the SI tool as published by the World Health Organisation to inform a review and update of the forms and to improve their robustness. The study identified a number of benefits of the approach, such as its simplicity and ease of use. Challenges were also identified, such as potential for inconsistencies in perception of risk between inspectors, in interpreting questions, and lack of follow-up action. The authors recommend a revision of the existing SI forms to address the identified challenges and development of complementary advice on possible remedial action to address identified risk factors and on basic operations and maintenance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Risk Assessments by Sanitary Inspection for Small Drinking-Water Supplies—Qualitative Evidence

et al. 2020

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“…the communities generally ranked rainwater harvesting remediation highest as an intervention, even though rainwater is placed on an intermediate rung in the 'ladder' used for international monitoring. High consumer regard for rainwater has also been observed via smart meters in Kenya [41] and in countries such as Fiji [6]. Community members appear to implicitly value rainwater's cheapness and supply continuity, alongside the explicit ranking criterion, its safety.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would also be straightforward to incorporate hazard ranking into future participatory mapping. Given that a Fijian study [6] highlighted minimal household knowledge of post-collection contamination risks during rainwater handling and storage, participatory mapping should form just one component for landscape-scale catchment hazard assessment within a comprehensive community-based WSP. It should not be adopted whilst ignoring the well-documented risk of post-collection water recontamination [42].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in developing countries, limited resources and remoteness make the dissemination and uptake of such procedures challenging. These factors also inhibit water quality testing, an essential part of a WSP [6,7]. The rural WSP workflow recognises that many rural water supply systems (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: boreholes, protected wells and small-scale rainwater harvesting or piped systems) are managed by communities, sometimes via water user committees, rather than trained water sector professionals. Among community members, who have not received specialised professional training, perceptions of contamination hazards may differ from those of professionals, with consequent implications for hazard management [6]. Where community-managed supplies exist, water safety education that target communities requires different approaches from those targeted at water sector professionals [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mixed methods study to evaluate participatory mapping for rural water safety planning in western Kenya

Okotto-Okotto¹,

Kwoba

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Water safety planning is an approach to ensure safe drinking-water access through comprehensive risk assessment and water supply management from catchment to consumer. However, its uptake remains low in rural areas. Participatory mapping, the process of map creation for resource management by local communities, has yet to be used for rural water safety planning. In this mixed methods study, to evaluate the validity of participatory mapping outputs for rural water safety planning and assess community understanding of water safety, 140 community members in Siaya County, Kenya, attended ten village-level participatory mapping sessions. They mapped drinking-water sources, ranked their safety and mapped potential contamination hazards. Findings were triangulated against a questionnaire survey of 234 households, conducted in parallel. In contrast to source type ranking for international monitoring, workshop participants ranked rainwater’s safety above piped water and identified source types such as broken pipes not explicitly recorded in water source typologies often used for formal monitoring. Participatory mapping also highlighted the overlap between livestock grazing areas and household water sources. These findings were corroborated by the household survey and subsequent participatory meetings. However, comparison with household survey data suggested participatory mapping outputs omitted some water sources and landscape-scale contamination hazards, such as open defecation areas or flood-prone areas. In follow-up visits, participant groups ranked remediation of rainwater harvesting systems as the most acceptable intervention to address hazards. We conclude that participatory mapping can complement other established approaches to rural water safety planning by capturing informally managed source use and facilitating community engagement.

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The viability of artificial surface treatments as a mechanism for domestic rain water harvesting

Kisakye

Bruggen

2018

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C

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Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Improving Risk Assessments by Sanitary Inspection for Small Drinking-Water Supplies—Qualitative Evidence

Improving Risk Assessments by Sanitary Inspection for Small Drinking-Water Supplies—Qualitative Evidence

A mixed methods study to evaluate participatory mapping for rural water safety planning in western Kenya

The viability of artificial surface treatments as a mechanism for domestic rain water harvesting

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