Water quality modeling for urban reach of Yamuna river, India (1999–2009), using QUAL2Kw

Abstract

The study was to characterize and understand the water quality of the river Yamuna in Delhi (India) prior to an efficient restoration plan. A combination of collection of monitored data, mathematical modeling, sensitivity, and uncertainty analysis has been done using the QUAL2Kw, a river quality model. The model was applied to simulate DO, BOD, total coliform, and total nitrogen at four monitoring stations, namely Palla, Old Delhi Railway Bridge, Nizamuddin, and Okhla for 10 years (October 1999-June 2009) excluding the monsoon seasons (July-September). The study period was divided into two parts: monthly average data from October 1999-June 2004 (45 months) were used to calibrate the model and monthly average data from October 2005-June 2009 (45 months) were used to validate the model. The R 2 for CBODf and TN lies within the range of 0.53-0.75 and 0.68-0.83, respectively. This shows that the model has given satisfactory results in terms of R 2 for CBODf, TN, and TC. Sensitivity analysis showed that DO, CBODf, TN, and TC predictions are highly sensitive toward headwater flow and point source flow and quality. Uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo showed that the input data have been simulated in accordance with the prevalent river conditions.

Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia

“…The result indicates that the Yamuna waterway health is very poor according to local water quality standards. The spatial profile of the Yamuna River water quality concurs with the findings of previous studies [ 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Moreover, study included all of the possible inflow sources contributing to the mainstream river with their input concentrations of BOD, DO, pH, and other nitrogenous compounds.…”

Some respite for India's dirtiest river? Examining the Yamuna's water quality at Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period

“…This is substantiated by a number of studies, all based on point sampling of the river at select locations within the above two Barrages, which have ascertained the Water Quality Index (WQI) (e.g. Sharma and Kansal, 2011a ; Saini and Sonkar, 2015 ; Sharma et al, 2017a , Sharma et al, 2017b ; Roy and Ghosh, 2019 ). Industrial effluents and the discharge of domestic sewage through drains ( Bhardwaj et al, 2017 ; Parihar et al, 2019 ), improper location of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and inconsistencies between their operating capacities (of the 41 STPs installed some are at times non-operational due to power cuts and technical/maintenance issues) and the actual sewage amounts generated are the usual primary causes for such heightened pollution levels ( Jain, 2009 ; Upadhyay et al, 2011 ; Kumar et al, 2018 ), with periodic spikes being recorded in the aftermath of idol immersions post religious festivals ( Kaur et al, 2013 ).…”

Study of physico-chemical properties, detection and toxicity study of organic compounds from effluent of MIDC Thane and GIDC Ankleshwar industrial zone

“…In general, the water is considered to be polluted when its quality impaired by several anthropological activities (Birjandi et al 2016). Some of the major sources responsible for water pollution are excess discharge of untreated sewage from various industries, waste water production due to anthropological activities released in the rivers, costal area (Sharma et al 2017;Kumar and Krishna 2017). The major contribution for water pollution reported due to untreated effluent of drugs, dyes, chemicals, pharmaceutical industries and nuclear waste, which are found to be huge pestilent.…”