Water quality monitoring of Al-Habbaniyah Lake using remote sensing and in situ measurements

Abstract

The use of remote sensing and GIS in water monitoring and management has been long recognized. This paper, however discusses the application of remote sensing and GIS specifically in monitoring water quality parameters in Al-Habbaniyah Lake, and the results were compared with in situ measurements. Variations of different parameters under investigation were as follows: temperature (15-33°C), pH (7-9), dissolved oxygen (6-11 mg/L), BOD5 (0.5-1.8), electrical conductivity (200-2280 μS/cm), TDS (147-1520 mg/L), TSS (68-3200), turbidity (5-51), nitrate (0.7-20 mg/l), phosphate (77-220 μg/l), and chlorophyll-a (0.9-130 μg/l). Remote sensing results revealed that the band 5 was most likely significantly correlated with turbidity in the winter. Band 2 and 3 was most likely significantly correlated with TDS in autumn and summer, while band 2 was most likely significantly correlated with TSS in autumn, band 2 is most likely significantly correlated with chlorophyll-a in autumn. The current study results demonstrated convergence between in situ and remote sensing readings. The models were used to explore the values of each of chlorophyll-a, TSS,TDS, and turbidity did not deviate much from the values actually measured in the three seasons. Nevertheless, they were very useful in anticipating all seasons of the study due to the insignificant deviation between the remotely sensed values and actual measured values.

Estimating total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in Mosul dam lake in situ and using remote sensing technique

“…What's more dissolved matter absorbs visible light, especially below .00 nm, and its absorbance increases exponentially with decreasing wavelength [15]. This study results with [16] on Al-Habanyia lake and [17] on Al-Gharraf river, were both mention that total dissolved solids correlate with band 5.…”

Remote Sensing of Turbidity in the Tennessee River Using Landsat 8 Satellite

“…Turbidity is a commonly assessed water quality parameter due to its optically active properties and was predicted as having high potential for correlation before satellite imagery was readily available [16]. In the last four decades, quantitative predictions of turbidity, and other water transparency parameters, have been successfully carried out using spaceborne satellites in lacustrine, estuarine, reservoir, and coastal environments and validated against in situ measurements [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…Satellites commonly used for deriving remotely sensed relationships with turbidity include Landsat 5, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2 [17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Bands within the red and NIR wavelengths are most often chosen, either independently or combined with other bands, for developing these relationships [17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Green band wavelengths have been notably incorporated into ratios using multiple bands for turbidity analysis as well [25,29,31].…”

Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Habbaniyah Lake, Iraq

“…The nature of the water is famous for its physical, chemical, and biological properties [1]. Due to their toxicity and alleged persistence within aquatic settings, interest in heavy metals (HMs) in environmental conditions has increased in past years [2,3].…”