Water quality thresholds for coastal contaminant impacts on corals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nalley, Eileen M.; Tuttle, Lillian J.; Barkman, Alexandria L.; Conklin, Emily E.; Wulstein, Devynn M.; Richmond, Robert H.; Donahue, Megan J.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148632

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…% of LSMM membrane results in the smallest salt rejection due to the presence of organic contamination in the seawater, causing fouling and wetting of the membrane. As researched by Nalley et al [35], the water quality is decreasing closer to land in which water at coastal areas tends to contain higher contaminants compared to spots. This leads to the increase in water conductivity, and thus, the membrane performs a low salt rejection.…”

Section: Dcmd Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

Seawater Desalination by Modified Membrane Distillation: Effect of Hydrophilic Surface Modifying Macromolecules Addition into PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane

et al. 2021

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Hollow fiber membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were prepared by incorporating varying concentrations of hydrophilic surface-modifying macromolecules (LSMM) and a constant amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additives. The membranes were fabricated by the dry-wet spinning technique. The prepared hollow fiber membranes were dip-coated by hydrophobic surface-modifying macromolecules (BSMM) as the final step fabrication. The additives combination is aimed to produce hollow fiber membranes with high flux permeation and high salt rejection in the matter of seawater desalination application. This study prepares hollow fiber membranes from the formulation of 18 wt. % of PVDF mixed with 5 wt. % of PEG and 3, 4, and 5 wt. % of LSMM. The membranes are then dip-coated with 1 wt. % of BSMM. The effect of LSMM loading on hydrophobicity, morphology, average pore size, surface porosity, and membrane performance is investigated. Coating modification on LSMM membranes showed an increase in contact angle up to 57% of pure, unmodified PVDF/PEG membranes, which made the fabricated membranes at least passable when hydrophobicity was considered as one main characteristic. Furthermore, The PVDF/PEG/4LSMM-BSMM membrane exhibits 161 °C of melting point as characterized by the DSC. This value indicates an improvement of thermal behavior shows so as the fabricated membranes are desirable for membrane distillation operation conditions range. Based on the results, it can be concluded that PVDF/PEG membranes with the use of LSMM and BSMM combination could enhance the permeate flux up to 81.32 kg·m−2·h−1 at the maximum, with stable salt rejection around 99.9%, and these are found to be potential for seawater desalination application.

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Section: Dcmd Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

Seawater Desalination by Modified Membrane Distillation: Effect of Hydrophilic Surface Modifying Macromolecules Addition into PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane

et al. 2021

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“…3c). Sediment input can impede the photosynthetic capacity of corals and reduce growth by burying coral colonies 30 , while urban runoff often contains heavy metals and petrochemicals that cause tissue death 31 . Poor water quality can also undermine the natural defence abilities of corals and increase the likelihood of mortality from heat stress 32 .…”

Section: Coral Response To the 2015 Marine Heatwavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor water quality can also undermine the natural defence abilities of corals and increase the likelihood of mortality from heat stress 32 . Though turbid waters may also limit light-stress that can exacerbate bleaching and cause subsequent mortality 33 , we were unable to parse the influence of sediment input from the variety of pollutants that accompany it 31 . We therefore posit that reducing sediment input and urban runoff would likely support increased coral survival during marine heatwaves.…”

Section: Coral Response To the 2015 Marine Heatwavementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating local human impacts promotes coral reef persistence under climate change

Gove

Williams

Lecky

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Coastal ecosystems are disproportionally inhabited by global human population. Consequently, human impacts originating from land and sea combine with climate-driven disturbances to fundamentally restructure nearshore marine ecosystems. These coincident human stressors are especially acute in the tropics where population centres concentrate along shorelines and marine heatwaves increasingly trigger mass coral bleaching and mortality. However, despite decades of research, we lack consensus as to whether local management supports coral reef resilience under climate change. Here we combined recurring reef surveys with a unique time series of land-sea human impacts over a 20-year period that encompassed an unprecedented marine heatwave in Hawaiʻi. Reefs with high fish biomass and reduced land-based impacts such as wastewater pollution had positive coral trajectories pre-disturbance and experienced minimal coral loss following severe heat stress. Concurrent land-sea management resulted in a 3- to 7-fold increase in the probability of a reef having high reef-builder cover four years post-disturbance. International efforts to conserve 30% of Earth’s ecosystems are gaining momentum, but do not intrinsically link land and ocean conservation targets. Our findings suggest coupled land-sea policy measures are required to realise global conservation goals and provide coral reefs with the best opportunity for persistence in our changing climate.

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“…Nutrients and the abiotic parameters measured in this study are only one aspect of the overall water quality in the nearshore areas of the Florida Keys. Other pollutants have been shown to affect marine organisms and especially corals (Nalley et al, 2021) and were not considered in this study. Contaminants and pathogens are also major components of water quality and may play an important role in coral occurrence.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Coastal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality negatively impacts coral occurrence in eutrophic nearshore environments of the Florida Keys

2022

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IntroductionCoral species are negatively impacted by anthropogenic stressors worldwide. Nearshore coastal ecosystems provide an excellent study system for the investigation of the impacts of local land-based stressors such as nutrients on coral assemblages due to their proximity to land based sources of pollution. The nearshore environs of the Florida Keys are an intensively developed and intensively managed system; Florida Keys waters have been characterized by chronic eutrophication since 1999. Benthic communities are known to change or “shift” under chronic eutrophication.ObjectivesThis research examines the patterns of occurrence in stony corals correlating to detailed nearshore water quality measurements. The questions addressed are a) What are the coral assemblages within 500 meters of the shoreline, and which species are resilient to these environs? b) How does water quality impact coral occurrence?MethodsThis study examined the immediate nearshore (0-500m) areas of 13 sites using a randomized blocked experimental design for both water quality and benthic sampling. Water quality parameters measured included chlorophyll-a, nitrates + nitrites (NOx), total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, Salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Benthic surveys documented stony coral occurrence using belt transects with point intercept measurements.ResultsStony coral species occurrence was limited at most of the study sites. Siderastrea radians and Porites divaricata were the two common species that appear to have a higher tolerance to eutrophic conditions under these shallow water conditions. Of the 13 study sites, 2 sites had no coral species occurring; this analysis was based on the comparison between sites with and without stony coral species. Water column Chlorophyll-a, pH, dissolved oxygen saturation, temperature, NOx, N:P ratio, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be significantly different between the sites with and without corals. Further multivariate analysis showed a clear clustering of the two groups.ConclusionThe low overall diversity and the higher occurrences of stress tolerant species provide evidence of the effects of coastal eutrophication on the coastal Florida Keys ecosystem. Our data suggest that more conservative water quality thresholds should be posed to improve nearshore biodiversity and ecological functioning of coastal systems.

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Water quality thresholds for coastal contaminant impacts on corals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 108 publications

Seawater Desalination by Modified Membrane Distillation: Effect of Hydrophilic Surface Modifying Macromolecules Addition into PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane

Seawater Desalination by Modified Membrane Distillation: Effect of Hydrophilic Surface Modifying Macromolecules Addition into PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane

Mitigating local human impacts promotes coral reef persistence under climate change

Water quality negatively impacts coral occurrence in eutrophic nearshore environments of the Florida Keys

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