Water Reclamation and Reuse

Anderson, Lindsay; DiCicco, Julie; Sampson, Holly; Wesley, Daniel H.; Walsh, Margaret E.; Gagnon, Graham A.

doi:10.2175/106143014x14031280667778

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…There is growing interest in chemical-free water treatment processes, especially in the context of decentralized small-scale water treatment. Therefore, other treatment technologies such as electrodialysis reversal − and nanofiltration − have been actively explored as an alternative process for water softening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening

Wang

Lin

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

143

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology capable of selective removal of ions from water. While many studies have reported chemically tailored electrodes for selective ion removal, the selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved using membrane CDI (MCDI) equipped with ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, we use both experimental and modeling approaches to systematically investigate the selective removal of Ca2+ over Na+. Specifically, the impacts of current density, hydraulic retention time, and feed composition on the selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ were investigated. The results from our study suggest a universal correlation between the ratio of molar fluxes and the ratio of spacer channel ion concentrations, regardless of operating conditions and feed composition. Our analysis also reveals inherent and universal trade-off relationships between selectivity and the Ca2+ removal rate and between selectivity and the degree of Ca2+ removal. This fundamental understanding of the mechanism of selective ion removal in MCDI can also be applied to flow-electrode CDI processes that employ IEMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening

Wang

Lin

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

143

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Biological performance and trace organic contaminant removal by a side-stream ceramic nanofiltration membrane bioreactor

Phan

McDonald

Hai

et al. 2016

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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This study evaluated the performance of a side-stream ceramic nanofiltration membrane bioreactor (NF-MBR) system with respect to basic water quality parameters as well as trace organic contaminant (TrOC) removal efficiency. The results show a stable biological performance of the continuous NF-MBR system with high effluent quality (total organic carbon < 4 mg L-1 and NH4 +-N below the detection limit). Significantly higher performance by this NF-MBR in comparison to the conventional microfiltration/ultrafiltration MBR regarding the removal of a large number of TrOCs was observed. TrOC removal efficiency depended on their hydrophobicity and molecular features. All hydrophobic compounds (LogD pH=6 > 3) were well removed (>85%), except diazinon (59 ± 7%). Hydrophilic compounds containing electron donating groups were also well removed (>90%). By contrast, hydrophilic compounds containing electron withdrawing groups were poorly removed (8-54%). Most of the 40 TrOCs investigated in this study did not accumulate in the sludge. Only three hydrophobic compounds, namely amitriptyline, triclosan and triclocarban showed considerable accumulation in sludge (>500 ng g-1). Mass balance indicated biodegradation/transformation as the most significant TrOC removal mechanism by this NF-MBR. were well removed (>85%), except diazinon (59 ± 7%). Hydrophilic compounds containing 24 electron donating groups (EDGs) were also well removed (> 90%). By contrast, hydrophilic 25 compounds containing electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) were poorly removed (8 -54%). 26

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Does the recycling of waste streams from drinking water treatment plants worsen the quality of finished water? A case assessment in China

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Supply

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The overall purpose was to assess the feasibilities of recycling filter backwash water (FBWW) and combined filter backwash water (CFBWW) in a drinking water treatment plant in south China. The variations of regular water-quality indexes, metal indexes (Al, Mn and Cd), polyacrylamide and disinfection by-product indexes (trihalomethanes and their formation potentials) along with the treatment and the recycling processes were monitored. Results showed the recycling procedure caused increases of turbidity, total solids, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), permanganate index (CODMn), and dissolved organic carbon, Al, Mn and Cd concentrations in a mixture of raw water and FBWW or CFBWW compared to those in raw water. However, the recycling procedure had negligible impacts on the qualities of settled water and filtered water because most of the contaminants could be effectively removed by the conventional water treatment process. Although recycling did cause slight increases of NH3-N and CODMn levels in settled water and filtered water, the quality of finished water always conformed to Chinese standards for drinking water quality according to the surveyed indexes in the present study. Thus, it is appropriate to recycle waste streams in water-stressed areas if the source water is well managed and the water treatment processes are carefully conducted.

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Water Reclamation and Reuse

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening

Mechanism of Selective Ion Removal in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Water Softening

Biological performance and trace organic contaminant removal by a side-stream ceramic nanofiltration membrane bioreactor

Does the recycling of waste streams from drinking water treatment plants worsen the quality of finished water? A case assessment in China

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