Water recovery from inorganic solutions via natural freezing and melting

Shum, Eric; Papangelakis, Vladimiros G.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100787

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At the same time, the presence of the ice cover makes the water less disturbed and more stationary. The migration of malathion from the ice to the under-ice water causes a concentration gradient between the ice growth front and the under-ice water, resulting in a "constitutional undercooling" [ 47 ]. Constitutional undercooling creates suitable conditions for dendritic ice growth ( Figure 6 ) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Migration Rules of Malathion during Indoor Simulated Lake Freezing

Wang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2023

Toxics

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The effect of malathion in ice is a poorly researched area, and ice is an important habitat for organisms at the base of the food web. This study presents laboratory-controlled experiments designed to investigate the migration rule of malathion during lake freezing. Concentrations of malathion were determined in samples of melted ice and in under-ice water. The effects of the initial sample concentration, freezing ratio, and freezing temperature on the distribution of malathion in the ice–water system were investigated. The concentration effect and migration capacity of malathion during freezing was characterized by the concentration rate and distribution coefficient. The results showed that the formation of ice led to the concentration of malathion appearing as follows: concentration in under-ice water > concentration in raw water > concentration in ice. This implied that malathion tended to migrate from the ice to the under-ice water during the freezing process. The increase in the initial malathion concentration, freezing ratio, and freezing temperature caused a more pronounced repulsion of the malathion by the ice and increased the migration to the under-ice water. When the solution of malathion with an initial concentration of 50 μg/L was frozen at –9 °C and the freezing ratio reached 60%, the concentration of malathion in the under-ice water was concentrated to 2.34 times the initial concentration. The migration of malathion to under-ice water during freezing may pose a potential threat to under-ice ecology; therefore, the environmental quality and impact of under-ice water in icebound lakes needs to be given more attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Migration Rules of Malathion during Indoor Simulated Lake Freezing

Wang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…In this study, ice melting was performed at room temperature and therefore melted faster compared to the actual lake ice melting. At lower ambient temperatures, the initial melting out of solutes would be more pronounced [ 54 ]. Atrazine is relatively concentrated in ice encapsulated in salt cells or channels, rather than uniformly distributed within the ice body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Migration Pattern of Atrazine during the Processes of Water Freezing and Thawing

Zhao

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world, is of concern because of its frequent occurrence in various water bodies and the potential threat it constitutes to ecosystems. The transport of contaminants in seasonally ice-covered lakes is an important factor affecting the under-ice water environment, and changes in phase during ice growth and melting cause redistribution of atrazine between ice and water phases. To explore the migration pattern of atrazine during freezing and thawing, laboratory simulation experiments involving freezing and thawing were carried out. The effects of ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentration on the migration ability of atrazine during freezing were investigated. The results showed that the relationship between the concentration of atrazine in ice and water during freezing was ice layer < water before freezing < water layer under the ice. Atrazine tended to migrate to under-ice water during the freezing process, and the intensity of migration was positively correlated with the ice thickness, freezing temperature, and initial concentration. During the thawing phase, atrazine trapped in the ice was released into the water in large quantities in the early stages. The first 20% of meltwater concentration was significantly higher than the average concentration in ice, with the highest case being 2.75 times the average concentration in ice. The results reported in this study are a useful reference for planning possible pollution control measures on such lakes during their freeze-thaw process.

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“…Sci. 2024, 14,36 After polynomial fitting of the centrifugal time and centrifugal speed, it can be seen that the two factors have a good correlation with the salt rejection, with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.95541 and 0.98476, respectively (Figure 8). At the same time, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), it can be concluded that the correlation between salt rejection and centrifugal time (p = 0.007, F = 45.292) and centrifugal speed (p = 0.026, F = 16.747) is high, and the p-values are all less than 0.05 (Table 2), indicating a significant correlation.…”

Section: Research On the Desalination Effect Of The Fcm On Waste Leac...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the freezing process, the water in the solution freezes in solid form, while the solutes are more inclined to be retained in the non-ice phase of the concentrate, and with the prolongation of the freezing time, the ice crystal structure grows and gradually excludes the solutes, thus improving the salt rejection [14]. Figure 1 shows the variation in the water quality parameters at different freezing times.…”

Section: Freezing Parameter Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Desalination of Waste Leachate Using the Combined Freezing Method

Wang,

Zhao,

Guo

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The current high-salinity wastewater treatment technology is complex, costly, and carries the risk of secondary contamination. As a traditional desalination technology, the combined method using frozen technology has broad development prospects in wastewater treatment. This study investigates the desalination effects of waste leachate using three different methods: the frozen–gravity method (FGM), frozen–centrifugal method (FCM), and frozen–blowing methods (FBMs), under various experimental conditions. The results showed that the salt rejection of all three methods could reach more than 75% under the conditions of a freezing time of 12 h, freezing temperature of −15 °C, and ice production rate of 40%; the salt rejection of FGM increased at higher ambient temperatures, but it was not conducive to the removal of organic pollutants; the salt rejection of FCM was sensitive to the centrifugal time and centrifugal speed, with a significant correlation (p < 0.05), the increase in centrifugal time and centrifugal speed can help to improve the salt rejection, and the increase in centrifugal speed in the range of 1000–2000 rpm can accelerate the discharge of concentrated brine more effectively; the frozen–crushed–blowing method (FCBM) in FBM has a salt rejection as high as 93.86% at an ice production rate of 25.80%, which reduces the salinity of the effluent from 4.07% to 0.25%, speeds up the desalination process, and improves the salt rejection compared to the other methods. This study provides a new perspective and reference for the treatment of high-saline wastewater.

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Water recovery from inorganic solutions via natural freezing and melting

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

The Migration Rules of Malathion during Indoor Simulated Lake Freezing

The Migration Rules of Malathion during Indoor Simulated Lake Freezing

The Migration Pattern of Atrazine during the Processes of Water Freezing and Thawing

Experimental Study on the Desalination of Waste Leachate Using the Combined Freezing Method

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