Water regeneration from human urine by vacuum membrane distillation and analysis of membrane fouling characteristics

Zhao, Zhi‐Ping; Xu, Liang; Shang, Xin; Chen, Kangcheng

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.07.021

Cited by 93 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consequently, the membrane can provide analogous physical size exclusion properties to conventional membranes, including viable but non-culturable bacteria (12), but provide additional selectivity through vapour transport. Zhao et al (13) demonstrated such selectivity, reporting >99% COD separation from urine using vacuum driven MD. Tun et al (14) instead concentrated ammonia nitrogen within source separated urine by favouring water transport through direct contact MD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of fouling, cleaning and faecal contamination on the separation of water from urine using thermally driven membrane separation

Kamranvand

Davey

Sakar

et al. 2018

Separation Science and Technology

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In this study, membrane distillation is evaluated as a technology for non-sewered sanitation, using waste heat to enable separation of clean water from urine. Whilst membrane fouling was observed for urine, wetting was not evident and product water quality met the proposed discharge standard, despite concentration of the feed. Fouling was reversible using physical cleaning, which is similar to previous membrane studies operating without pressure as the driving force. High COD reduction was achieved following faecal contamination, but mass transfer was impeded and wetting occurred which compromised permeate quality, suggesting upstream intervention is demanded to limit the extent of faecal contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of fouling, cleaning and faecal contamination on the separation of water from urine using thermally driven membrane separation

Kamranvand

Davey

Sakar

et al. 2018

Separation Science and Technology

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“…Different solutions in this field have been reported. Up to now, the reported methods of purifying urine mainly involve distillation [8], freezing crystallization [9], biological treatments [10], and membrane-based treatments [11]. In particular, two different membrane-based treatments were recently studied for urine treatment: reverse osmosis (RO) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) treatment [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, the reported methods of purifying urine mainly involve distillation [8], freezing crystallization [9], biological treatments [10], and membrane-based treatments [11]. In particular, two different membrane-based treatments were recently studied for urine treatment: reverse osmosis (RO) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) treatment [11]. The RO membrane has a high retention for organic pollutants and inorganic salts, but it usually suffers of membrane fouling or scaling, which can be overcome by a suitable pretreatment or adding chemical agents [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RO membrane has a high retention for organic pollutants and inorganic salts, but it usually suffers of membrane fouling or scaling, which can be overcome by a suitable pretreatment or adding chemical agents [12]. VMD is a low-cost and highly efficient process, which has nearly 99% rejection for chemical oxygen demand (COD), but for ammonia-nitrogen, the removal rate is not very high [11]. As a result, the search for new, more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and more compact technologies for urine treatment has always been a necessity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Visible Light Modulation Techniques in Urea Photocatalytic Degradation

Vaiano

Sacco

Capua

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of visible LED dimming duty-cycle modulation techniques in a photocatalytic system for urea degradation using a visible light photocatalyst immobilized on macroscopic supports. For this reason, the effect of different LED dimming techniques was investigated and compared in terms of urea degradation together with ammonia and nitrate production during the irradiation time. The experimental results evidenced that using a visible LED dimming modulation with variable-peak variable-duty pulse-width modulation (PWM) allows to improve the photocatalytic degradation process, with respect to classical LED dimming with fixed-peak fixed-duty PWM, and influences the product's distribution of ammonia and nitrate in water. Therefore, the proof of concept herein proposed could be considered as preliminary potential results to be used in water recycling applications with a particular emphasis in recovery of urea photodegradation byproducts, such as ammonia, from wastewater that could be used as potential resources and an energy resource.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that membrane distillation can be used for a variety of hybrid applications ranging from concentration fruit juices (Bagger-Jørgensen et al 2011;Onsekizoglu Bagci 2015) to concentration aqueous solution (Bélafi-Bakó and Boór 2011). Zhao et al (2013) have also proposed a hybrid system for treating human liquid waste. Recent MD research has been focused on understanding transport properties and phenomena as well as factors affecting membrane properties and developing improved membrane materials for use in future MD studies (Ashoor et al 2016;Bogler et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and experimental study for the desalination of petrochemical industrial effluents using direct contact membrane distillation

2019

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The petrochemical, mining and power industries have reacted to the recent South African water crisis by focussing on improved brine treatment for water and salt recovery with the aim of achieving zero liquid effluent discharge. The purpose of this novel study was to compare experimentally obtained results from the treatment of synthetic NaCl solutions and petrochemical industrial brines such as spent ion exchange regenerant brines and reverse osmosis (RO) brines to the classical well-known Knudsen diffusion, molecular diffusion and transition predictive models. The predictive models were numerically solved using a developed mathematical algorithm that was coded using MATLAB ® software. The impact of experimentally varying the inlet feed temperature on process performance of the system is presented here and compared to simulated results. It was found that there was good agreement between the experimentally obtained results, for both the synthetic NaCl solution and the industrial brines. The mean average percentage error (MAPE) was found to be 7.9% for the synthetic NaCl solutions when compared to the Knudsen model. The Knudsen/molecular diffusion transition theoretical model best predicted the performance of the membrane for the industrial spent ion exchange regenerant brine with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 13.3%. The Knudsen model best predicted the performance of the membrane (MAPE of 10.5%) for the industrial RO brine. Overall, the models were able to successfully predict the water flux and can be used as potential process design tools.

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Water regeneration from human urine by vacuum membrane distillation and analysis of membrane fouling characteristics

Cited by 93 publications

References 40 publications

Impact of fouling, cleaning and faecal contamination on the separation of water from urine using thermally driven membrane separation

Impact of fouling, cleaning and faecal contamination on the separation of water from urine using thermally driven membrane separation

Use of Visible Light Modulation Techniques in Urea Photocatalytic Degradation

Computational and experimental study for the desalination of petrochemical industrial effluents using direct contact membrane distillation

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