Water Relations of Erwinia chrysanthemi: Intracellular and Extracellular Pectate Lyase Production

MILDENHALLl, John P.; Prior, Bernard A.

doi:10.1099/00221287-129-10-3019

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…5). This result agrees with the previous report that Ech could not grow under a water activity of 0.990 (Mildenhall and Prior 1983) or under hypertonic conditions (i.e., 0.3 M NaCl) (Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat et al 1992). However, this effect of salts may be not due to hypertonic conditions but to an unknown effect by the specific salt, as a great variation in the sensitivity of cell growth and Pel production to the various salts was observed and the various sugars did not cause a growth lag.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

d -Alanine- d -alanine ligase gene ( ddl ) of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain EC16 II: analysis of pectate lyase regulation using ddl − mutant

Jitareerat

Matsumoto

Umehara

et al. 2003

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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Erwinia chrysanthemi (Ech) triggers soft rot disease mainly by secreting pectate lyase (Pel), which is regulated in a complex manner by many regulatory genes. In a previous study, we used a gene dosage method to show that the ddl gene, which encodes d-alanine-d-alanine ligase, reduced Pel production and tissue maceration by Ech strain EC16n. In this study, the ddl Ϫ marker-exchanged mutant was shown to overcome the long growth lag caused by various salts in the growth medium and to increase Pel production over that by EC16n, especially in a medium containing magnesium salts. Thus, ddl seems to regulate Pel production in a negative manner. Because the profiles of a gel shift assay using the pelE promoter region as the target DNA with crude extracts of EC16n and ddl Ϫ mutant were distinguishable, Ddl is thought to affect the binding of other regulatory proteins. Expression of the ddl gene was induced in the medium containing a low-molecular-weight fraction of potato extract, but it was reduced in that containing both polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and the fraction. The repression of ddl expression by PGA should contribute in part to the in planta hyperinduction of Pel.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

d -Alanine- d -alanine ligase gene ( ddl ) of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain EC16 II: analysis of pectate lyase regulation using ddl − mutant

Jitareerat

Matsumoto

Umehara

et al. 2003

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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“…Our findings differ from the reported effects of osmotic potential on intra-and extra-cellular pectate lyase (PL) of Erwinia chrysantherni (Mildenhall and Prior 1983). In that system, the influence of osmotic potential on either the intra-or extra-cellular PL level varied according to the osmoticum used.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Effect of osmotic potential on synthesis and secretion of polygalacturonase and cellulase by Geotrichum candidum

Davis¹,

Baudoin²

1987

Can. J. Microbiol.

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1987. Effect of osmotic potential on synthesis and secretion of polygalacturonase and cellulase by Geotrichum candidum. Can. J . Microbiol . 33: 138-14 1 .In liquid cultures of Geotrichum candidum, amended with KCI, mannitol, or polyethylene glycol 400 to control osmotic potential, levels of both intracellular and extracellular endopolygalacturonase fell off rapidly with decreasing osmotic potential in . the range of -0.5 to -2.5 MPa. Concentrations (units per millilitre) of intracellular endopolygalacturonase were higher than those of extracellular endopolygalacturonase at all osmotic potentials tested. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular endopolygalacturonase concentration increased with decreasing osmotic potential; this became most pronounced below -1.5 MPa. It appeared that the major effect of osmotic potential was on endopolygalacturonase synthesis with a minor effect on endopolygalacturonase secretion from the cell. Levels of intracellular and extracellular cellulase also decreased with decreasing osmotic potential, although the effect was much smaller than with endopolygalacturonase. However, the ratio of intracellular to extracellular cellulase concentration did not change significantly with changes in osmotic potential. This indicated that only the synthesis of cellulase was affected. DAVIS, L. L., et A. B. A. M. BAUDOIN. 1987. Effect of osmotic potential on synthesis and secretion of polygalacturonase and cellulase by Geotrichum candidum. Can. J. Microbiol. 33 : 138-14 1 .Dans les cultures de Geotrichum candidum en milieux liquides amendes avec du KCI, du mannitol ou du polyCthylene glycol 400 pour le contr6le du potentiel osmotique, les niveaux d'endopolygalacturonase intra-et extracellulaires ont dCcrC rapidement en fonction de la reduction du potentiel osmotique a des niveaux de -0,5 a -2,5 MPa. Comparativement aux concentrations (unites par millilitre) d'endopolygalacturonase extracellulaire, les intracellulaires furent plus Clevees pour chacun des potentiels osmotiques testCs. Le rapport des concentrations d'endopolygalacturonase intracellulaires sur les extracellulaires a Ct C augment6 avec la reduction du potentiel osmotique; ceci devint plus prononce a -1,5 MPa. 11 semble que le potentiel osmotique ait eu un effet dominant sur la synthitse de l'endopolygalacturonase et un effet mineur sur la sCcrCtion de cette enzyme par les cellules. Les niveaux de cellulase intra-et extracellulaires ont aussi Ct C rCduits en fonction de la reduction du potentiel osmotique, bien que l'effet ait CtC beaucoup moindre que pour I'endopolygalacturonase. Toutefois, le rapport des concentrations de cellulase intracellulaires sur les extracellulaires n'a pas CtC modifiC de fason significative avec les changements de potentiel osmotique. Ceci indique que seule la synthitse de la cellulase fut affectCe.[Traduit par la revue] Introduction part, why lemons at lower water potentials are more resistant to Susceptibility of lemons to sour rot, a soft rot disease caused by the "citrus race" of Geotrichum candidum Link...

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“…Further studies showed that the addition of LiCl and NaCl (0.990 a,) to the growth medium temporarily inhibited extracellular pectate lyase (PeL) production by Erw. chrysanthemi and concomitant periplasmic PeL accumulation was observed (Mildenhall and Prior 1983;Mildenhall et al 1988). In this study, the intracellular accumulation of exogenously supplied osmoprotectants by Erw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The organism was cultivated in either the minimal Dglucose-M63 medium of Miller (1972) or the &glucose-YS medium of Mildenhall and Prior (1983). The glucose-M63 medium contained (g I -' ) : glucose, 2.0; KH,PO,, 13.6; MgSO, .…”

Section: Medlamentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, pectate lyase production and solute accumulation by Erwinia chrysanthemi under osmotic stress: effect of osmoprotectants

Prior¹,

Hewitt²,

Brandt

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Glycine betaine strongly stimulated the growth rate of five strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi when grown in a synthetic medium at 0·986, 0·983 and 0·980 aw (NaCl) whereas in four strains, little effect was observed compared with the control. Proline, dimethyl glycine, carnitine and pipecolic acid also actedas osmoprotectants. Glutamate and trehalose, commonly accumulated by enteric bacteria in response to osmotic stress, failed to act as osmoprotectants when supplied exogenously. Glycine betaine and pipecolic acid partially overcame the inhibition of pectate lyase release by NaCl in strain ECC. 13C NMR spectroscopy of two osmotically‐stressed strains showed that glycine betaine was accumulated intracellularly from synthetic media containing the exogenous osmoprotectant. However, both strains also synthesized and accumulated trehalose in addition to glycine betaine in response to osmotic stress in complex media containing glycine betaine.

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Water Relations of Erwinia chrysanthemi: Intracellular and Extracellular Pectate Lyase Production

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

d -Alanine- d -alanine ligase gene ( ddl ) of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain EC16 II: analysis of pectate lyase regulation using ddl − mutant

d -Alanine- d -alanine ligase gene ( ddl ) of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain EC16 II: analysis of pectate lyase regulation using ddl − mutant

Effect of osmotic potential on synthesis and secretion of polygalacturonase and cellulase by Geotrichum candidum

Growth, pectate lyase production and solute accumulation by Erwinia chrysanthemi under osmotic stress: effect of osmoprotectants

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