Water Relations of Sugar-tolerant Yeasts: the Role of Intracellular Polyols

Brown, A. D.; Simpson, Judith R.

doi:10.1099/00221287-72-3-589

Cited by 381 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The basic compatibility hypothesis As noted earlier, organic osmolytes are typically called compatible solutes based on the hypothesis that these solutes (other than urea) do not interact with macromolecules in detrimental ways; thus, they can be safely up-and downregulated with little impact on cellular functions (Brown and Simpson, 1972;Yancey et al, 1982). This is in stark contrast to inorganic ions, which at high concentrations typically bind to and destabilize proteins and nucleic acids.…”

Section: Types Of Organic Osmolytesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Glycerol, the archetypical compatible solute (Brown and Simpson, 1972), accumulates in certain water-stressed yeasts and algae to high levels (up to several molar in species in salt ponds and lakes). Glycerol has been shown to be largely compatible with protein function, but its synthesis also requires the use of NADH.…”

Section: Antioxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These solutes are typically (and sometimes misleadingly) called 'compatible' solutes, based on the concept that they do not perturb cellular macromolecules even when the solutes are at high concentrations (Brown and Simpson, 1972). However, as will be discussed, many of these solutes have cytoprotective properties, such as antioxidation and stabilization of proteins, that go beyond simple compatibility and that vary from solute to solute.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Yancey

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

1,575

1,272

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SUMMARY Organic osmolytes are small solutes used by cells of numerous water-stressed organisms and tissues to maintain cell volume. Similar compounds are accumulated by some organisms in anhydrobiotic, thermal and possibly pressure stresses. These solutes are amino acids and derivatives,polyols and sugars, methylamines, methylsulfonium compounds and urea. Except for urea, they are often called `compatible solutes', a term indicating lack of perturbing effects on cellular macromolecules and implying interchangeability. However, these features may not always exist, for three reasons. First, some of these solutes may have unique protective metabolic roles, such as acting as antioxidants (e.g. polyols, taurine, hypotaurine),providing redox balance (e.g. glycerol) and detoxifying sulfide (hypotaurine in animals at hydrothermal vents and seeps). Second, some of these solutes stabilize macromolecules and counteract perturbants in non-interchangeable ways. Methylamines [e.g. trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] can enhance protein folding and ligand binding and counteract perturbations by urea (e.g. in elasmobranchs and mammalian kidney), inorganic ions, and hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea animals. Trehalose and proline in overwintering insects stabilize membranes at subzero temperatures. Trehalose in insects and yeast,and anionic polyols in microorganisms around hydrothermal vents, can protect proteins from denaturation by high temperatures. Third, stabilizing solutes appear to be used in nature only to counteract perturbants of macromolecules,perhaps because stabilization is detrimental in the absence of perturbation. Some of these solutes have applications in biotechnology, agriculture and medicine, including in vitro rescue of the misfolded protein of cystic fibrosis. However, caution is warranted if high levels cause overstabilization of proteins.

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Section: Types Of Organic Osmolytesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Antioxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Yancey

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

1,575

1,272

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“…Hence, the biosynthesis and accumulation of organic osmolytes in the cytoplasm permits the generation of low water potentials without incurring metabolic damage. For these organic compounds that are tolerated by the metabolism even at high intracellular concentrations, the term 'compatible solute' was introduced by Brown and Simpson (1972).…”

Section: Light Demands and Depth Zonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

Clayton

Gómez

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

137

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

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“…To restore turgor pressure and allow growth to continue, a cell must restore its internal osmotic pressure to a level exceeding that of the environment. This is achieved by the accumulation of various solutes by uptake andfor metabolic interconversion, often to very high concentrations leading to an influx of water into the cells and the restoration of turgor (Brown, 1976). The term 'compatible solute' was introduced by Brown & Simpson (1972) to describe accumulated solutes which are non-inhibitory to enzyme function at high concentration, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of osmotic upshock on the intracellular solute pools of Bacillus subtilis

Whatmore

Chudek²,

Reed

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

261

327

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The effects of hypersaline treatment (osmotic upshock) on solute accumulation have been studied in the Grampositive bacterium BaciZZus subtiZis. Natural abundance 3C NMR spectroscopy studies revealed only proline as a major organic osmoticum in cells grown in defined medium (no exogenous organic solutes) and this finding was confirmed by amino acid analysis. Intracellular concentrations of both K+ and proline rose markedly after osmotic upshock. K+ influx from the medium was rapid (< 1 h) but proline synthesis was a slower process (5-9 h). Proline synthesis appeared to be dependent on the prior accumulation of K+ and it is possible that K+ serves in some manner as the signal for increased proline synthesis. In cells upshocked in medium enriched in glycine betaine the endogenous synthesis of proline was repressed and glycine betaine served as the sole organic osmoticum. K+ was also accumulated under these conditions.

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Water Relations of Sugar-tolerant Yeasts: the Role of Intracellular Polyols

Cited by 381 publications

References 8 publications

Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

The effects of osmotic upshock on the intracellular solute pools of Bacillus subtilis

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