Water Requirements for Shale Gas Fracking in Fuling, Chongqing, Southwest China

Yang, Hong; Huang, Xianjin; Yang, Qingyuan; Tu, Jianjun; Li, Shengfeng; Yang, De-min; Xia, Hong; Flower, Roger J.; Thompson, J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.862

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, there are only two drought periods in our research, and future studies with more data can provide a better understanding of the relationship between seasonal indicators and drought periodicity in longer period. Secondly, insufficient effects of human activities on surface water and phenology were examined in this study, but agricultural activities such as irrigation and multiple growth seasons were excluded, especially in drought periods [85,86]. For example, the dryer the condition, the more water is pumped from rivers and lakes for irrigation, which reduces SWA from observation.…”

Section: Limitation and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Seasonal Indicators to Extreme Droughts in Southwest China

Lai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Significant impact of extreme droughts on human society and ecosystem has occurred in many places of the world, for example, Southwest China (SWC). Considerable research concentrated on analyzing causes and effects of droughts in SWC, but few studies have examined seasonal indicators, such as variations of surface water and vegetation phenology. With the ongoing satellite missions, more and more earth observation data become available to environmental studies. Exploring the responses of seasonal indicators from satellite data to drought is helpful for the future drought forecast and management. This study analyzed the seasonal responses of surface water and vegetation phenology to drought in SWC using the multi-source data including Seasonal Water Area (SWA), Permanent Water Area (PWA), Start of Season (SOS), End of Season (EOS), Length of Season (LOS), precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and data from water conservancy construction. The results showed that SWA and LOS effectively revealed the development and recovery of droughts. There were two obvious drought periods from 2000 to 2017. In the first period (from August 2003 to June 2007), SWA decreased by 11.81% and LOS shortened by 5 days. They reduced by 21.04% and 9 days respectively in the second period (from September 2009 to June 2014), which indicated that there are more severe droughts in the second period. The SOS during two drought periods delayed by 3~6 days in spring, while the EOS advanced 1~3 days in autumn. All of PDSI, SWA and LOS could reflect the period of droughts in SWC, but the LOS and PDSI were very sensitive to the meteorological events, such as precipitation and temperature, while the SWA performed a more stable reaction to drought and could be a good indicator for the drought periodicity. This made it possible for using SWA in drought forecast because of the strong correlation between SWA and drought. Our results improved the understanding of seasonal responses to extreme droughts in SWC, which will be helpful to the drought monitoring and mitigation for different seasons in this ecologically fragile region.

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Section: Limitation and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Seasonal Indicators to Extreme Droughts in Southwest China

Lai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…With the development, environmental side-effects in the FSGF have gradually become the public's concern, especially with respect to the impacts on water resources. During the hydraulic fracturing operations, a large amount of water, ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 cubic meters per well [32], has been consumed, thereby intensifying the water competition among different stakeholders. In addition, large volumes of flow-back water and produced water, which dissolve elements detrimental to health, have been generated after fracturing, and the discharge of the pollutants in these wastewaters has raised local residents' concern.…”

Section: Shale Gas Exploration In the Fsgfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Water Security in a Rapidly Developing Shale Gas Region in China

Danlu

Bai

Yin³

et al. 2019

Water

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With the rapid development of shale gas exploration (SGE) in China, there is an urgent need to evaluate the public’s preferences with respect to the environmental risks that go along with the exploration, which have not yet been studied in the literature. This study aims to estimate local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a water security-enhanced scenario in the Fuling shale gas field, Chongqing, China. Using the double-bounded contingent valuation method, we estimate that the annual mean WTP is 32.655 Chinese yuan per year per household, which accounts for 3.80% of the basic household gas bill. The results also show that WTP is significantly influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, including the age of the respondent, household location, household income, and primary source of household income. Moreover, the respondents’ satisfaction with respect to the environmental impacts caused by SGE also has negative influences on the WTP. Thus, our analysis estimates the affected public’s benefits during SGE and provides insight into the relevant policymaking process.

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“…Water consumption for a horizontal well Data Source China's first shale gas horizontal well (Wei 201-H1) 25000 m 3 per well [10] Fuling Basin, China 3,096 m 3 to 46,149 m 3 ; mean 27,490; standard deviation: 28,800 m 3 [12] Texas, USA Barnett Shale: 2,900 m 3 to 20,700 m 3 (5 th to 95 th percentiles) with median of 10,600 m 3 Haynesville Shale: 2,700 m 3 to 28,100 m 3 (5 th to 95 th percentiles) with median of 21,500 m 3 Eagle Ford Shale: 4,600 m 3 to 33,900 m 3 (5 th to 95 th percentiles) with median of 16,100 m 3 [36] Wattenberg Field, Northeastern Colorado, USA Niobrara Shale: 5,300 m 3 to 28,400 m 3 (10 th to 90 th percentiles) with median of 11,400 m 3 [52] Oklahoma, USA Woodford Shale: 11,400 m 3 to 22,300 m 3 (25 th to 75 th quartiles) with median of 15,800 m 3 Mississippian Shale: 5,000 m 3 to 8,900 m 3 (25 th to 75 th quartiles) with median of 70,00 m 3 Desmoinesian Shale: 5,400 m 3 to 10,700 m 3 (25 th to 75 th quartiles) with median of 7,600 m 3 [35] Pennsylvania, USA Marcellus Shale: 7,700 m 3 to 38,000 m 3 (<2010); 11,500 m 3 to 19,000 m 3 (2008-2011) [34], [53] Horn River Basin, British Columbia, Canada Average: 4,000 m 3 ; maximum: 15,000 m 3 [54] British Columbia, Canada Montney: 1,900 m 3 to 7,800 m 3 ; DoigHospate: 4,800 m 3 ; Gething: 400 m 3 to 10,000 m 3 ; Muskwa-Otter Park: 34,900 m 3 ; Evie: 19,500 m 3 ; Cadomin: 8,800 m 3 ; Nikanassin: 21,000 m 3 to 26,000 m 3 .…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by the successful development of shale gas in the United States and other countries and motivated to reduce its dependence on energy imports and to decrease greenhouse gas emissions from coal power plants, China has actively pursued exploration and development of shale gas resources and set an ambitious goal to boost annual shale gas production to 6010 9 m 3 by 2020 [9]. However, because exploitation of shale gas in China is at a very early stage, China faces various challenges in shale gas development, such as reliable assessment of shale gas resources in shale gas reservoirs [10][11][12]. As of May 2014, only about 184 horizontal wells were drilled in shale gas reservoirs, resulting in a daily production of 3.8×10 6 m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Probabilistic assessment of shale gas production and water demand at Xiuwu Basin in China

Zou

Yang

et al. 2016

Applied Energy

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This study presents an integrated probabilistic framework by combining Monte Carlo Simulation with a gas transport model of a horizontal well with multi-fracturing stages to assess shale gas resources in the Wangyinpu Formation of the Xiuwu Basin, China. Modeling results suggest that the 30-year cumulative production of a single horizontal well is predicted at a likely value of 3.50×10 8 m 3 with a maximum of 6.78×10 9 m 3. Potential shale gas production from a "sweet spot" area is estimated at a range of 1.13×10 10 m 3 to 1.76×10 13 m 3 with a likely value of 8.24×10 11 m 3. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the gas production rate and cumulative gas production of a single horizontal well are most sensitive to the relative volume occupied by kerogen in the bulk volume of the shale, gas desorption rate, number of fracturing stages, and permeability of the stimulated zone. Assessment of water demand for horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing suggests that shale gas development at the Xiuwu Basin will not likely cause regional water-supply stress because of abundant water resources in the region. The probabilistic approach presented in this study can provide valuable information for planning shale gas development and can also be applied to other shale gas reservoirs.

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Water Requirements for Shale Gas Fracking in Fuling, Chongqing, Southwest China

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Responses of Seasonal Indicators to Extreme Droughts in Southwest China

Responses of Seasonal Indicators to Extreme Droughts in Southwest China

Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Water Security in a Rapidly Developing Shale Gas Region in China

Probabilistic assessment of shale gas production and water demand at Xiuwu Basin in China

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