“…5.3 known that the dynamic perturbation is essentially confined to water molecules in direct contact with the surface (Woessner, 1980;Carlström and Halle, 1988;Volke et al, 1994). That this is the case also for proteins is suggested by molecular dynamics simulations (Brunne et al, 1993;Garcia and Stiller, 1993;Lounnas and Pettitt, 1994;Abseher et al, 1996;Rocchi et al, 1997;Kovacs et al, 1997). It is therefore reasonable to estimate for a monolayer, e.g., using the solvent-accessible surface area of the protein (as computed from crystallographic data) and a molecular area of 15 per water molecule.…”