Water retention and gas relative permeability of two industrial concretes

Chen, Wei; Liu, Jian; Brue, Flore; Skoczylas, Frédéric; Davy, Catherine; Bourbon, Xavier; Talandier, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.04.003

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Brue et al (2012) estimated desorption isotherms experimentally at different temperatures, by using a model based on Kelvin-Laplace's capillary law. Chen et al (2012) obtained water retention properties and a relative gas permeability curve in concrete by studying the effect of water saturation on gas relative permeability. Poyet (2013) used alternative mathematical functions to characterize the retention curve to obtain the intrinsic permeability of concrete, by means of experimental tests in concrete columns at isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

2015

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Evaporation tests in concrete columns have been analysed by numerical models to characterize the thermo-hydraulic properties and the processes in concrete. Two evaporation tests were performed; a column heated by a lamp and a column kept in room conditions. The conceptual model considers unsaturated liquid flow and transport of vapour and energy. We also calculated models that take into account the dissolved salts to study its effect on vapour pressure and evaporation. A retention curve has been obtained from relative humidity and gravimetric water content measured after dismantling the tests. The models have been calibrated by adjusting the model's results to the measured data of water loss, relative humidity and temperature inside the concrete. The parameters obtained with the calibration are the permeability, thermal conductivity, boundary conditions and a tortuosity factor for vapour diffusion. Results show that the vapour diffusion is the dominant water transport process above an evaporation front, and liquid advection is dominant below it.Keywords drying · retention curve · permeability · concrete · modelling Concrete allows building a large number of architecture and engineering structures. List of symbols 3The majority of them are exposed to alternating dry and wet conditions affecting 4 their durability. Thermo-hydraulic processes such as flow of liquid and gas in unsatu-5 rated conditions, transport of heat, vapour and dissolved salts, and evaporation and 6 condensation of water are known to play an important role in concrete (Baroghel- 3) and/or salt (Eq. 4) (Olivella et al 1994).Constitutive laws are used to express these balance equations as a function of 124 the state variables liquid pressure, P l , gas pressure, P g , temperature, T and/or mass Thermo-hydraulic multiphase flow models of concrete 7 3.3 Thermo-hydraulic parameters 132The porosity and intrinsic permeability were taken from the experimental tests of 2). Results show that the latter never reach a saturation of 1. The most probable 154 reason is that the samples had suffered drying during preparation. Before measuring 155 the drying curve (i.e.,the retention curve from wet to dry) in the desiccators, the 156 sample had to be re-saturated. However, this may entrap air in the pores giving a 157 maximum saturation lower than 1. On the other hand, the evaporation test started 158 after concrete had hardened without any previous drying, so it is assumed that the 159 retention curve starts when the degree of saturation is 1. Geometry and mesh 161A one-dimensional domain of 20 cm length was assumed. and relative humidity were used, measured by the sensor situated above the columns 168 ( Figure 3). A summary of the parameters used in the boundary conditions is shown 169 in Table 2. For vapour flux at the top of the columns a mixed boundary condition 170 was applied (Eq. 5).Where super mixing between atmosphere and column. As it is difficult to assess a value to this 180 parameter, it has been calibrated. For the air flux, similarl...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

2015

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“…This effect has been studied on two industrial concretes in [4], comparing desorption and re-saturation paths. It has been observed for these concretes that the saturation history influences relative gas permeability mainly in the case of a strong hysteresis in desorption/re-saturation isotherms (i.e.…”

Section: Relative Gas Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The apparatus consists of a confining cell which is allowed to reach confining pressures P c as high as 60 MPa, together with a gas injection device [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. The gas used in the current study is 99%-pure Argon with a viscosity of l = 2.2 9 10 À5 Pa.s.…”

Section: Steady State Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain a partial water saturation, the samples are stored in a chamber comprising air and water vapour in equilibrium with a saturated saline solution at 20°C [4]. The relative humidity of the atmosphere in the chamber is imposed by thermo-dynamical equilibrium and depends on the type of saline solution.…”

Section: Partial Water Saturation By Relative Humidity Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, relative gas permeability measurements on weakly permeable media remain challenging. Recent developments have allowed the study of low permeability materials, such as concrete [4] and tight sandstones [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Measurements and Multi-Scale Modeling of the Relative Gas Permeability of a Caprock

Bignonnet

Duan

Egermann³

et al. 2016

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

Self Cite

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-An experimental characterisation of a low permeability caprock is first reported. Two different methods are compared to measure the porosity: water imbibition and weighting versus gas (Argon) pycnometry. Water measured porosities appear to systematically underestimate gas measured porosities. A capillary pressure curve is derived from successive equilibrium of samples at imposed relative humidities. The relative gas permeability is thoroughly measured on the same samples. Gas porosity and effective gas permeability measurements have been carried out under different confining pressures. All measured relative gas permeabilities lie on a master curve and present a low critical water saturation beyond which the effective gas permeability nearly vanishes.In an attempt to model this last feature, the salient properties of the microstructure are extracted from electron microscopy images to propose a micro-macro model of the relative gas permeability. The multi-scale modeling is performed within the framework of random media or so-called continuum micromechanics, including localised flow effects within interfaces. The self-consistent homogenisation scheme allows retrieval of a critical water saturation, whose value is governed by the shape of the elementary particles of the material and the localisation of water within the pore space.Résumé -Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation multi-échelles de la perméabilité elative au gaz d'une roche de couverture -Une caractérisation expérimentale d'une roche carbonatée contenant de l'argile, peu perméable, est présentée dans un premier temps. Deux méthodes différentes de mesure de la porosité sont comparées : gravitaire par imbibition d'eau et pycnométrie à l'Argon. Les mesures de porosité à l'eau sous-estiment systématiquement celles au gaz. Une courbe de pression capillaire est construite à partir d'équilibres successifs d'échantillons avec des humidités relatives imposées. La perméabilité relative au gaz est mesurée sur les mêmes échantillons. Les mesures de perméabilité effective au gaz et de porosité au gaz sont conduites sous diverses pressions de confinement. Toutes les perméabilités relatives au gaz mesurées appartiennent à une même courbe maîtresse. Cette courbe présente une faible saturation en eau critique au delà de laquelle la perméabilité effective au gaz s'annule. Dans un second temps, une tentative de modélisation de cette propriété est proposée. Un modèle micro-macro est proposé à partir d'observation de la microstructure au microscope électronique. La modélisation multi-échelles est conduite dans le contexte de l'homogénéisation des milieux aléatoires ou micromécanique des

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Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

Manceau

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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The two-phase flow characterization (CO 2 /water) of a Triassic sandstone core from the Paris Basin, France, is reported in this paper. Absolute properties (porosity and water permeability), capillary pressure, relative permeability with hysteresis between drainage and imbibition, and residual trapping capacities have been assessed at 9 MPa pore pressure and 28 C (CO 2 in liquid state) using a single core-flooding apparatus associated with magnetic resonance imaging. Different methodologies have been followed to obtain a data set of flow properties to be upscaled and used in large-scale CO 2 geological storage evolution modeling tools. The measurements are consistent with the properties of well-sorted water-wet porous systems. As the mineralogical investigations showed a nonnegligible proportion of carbonates in the core, the experimental protocol was designed to observe potential impacts on flow properties of mineralogical changes. The magnetic resonance scanning and mineralogical observations indicate mineral dissolution during the experimental campaign, and the core-flooding results show an increase in porosity and water absolute permeability. The changes in two-phase flow properties appear coherent with the pore structure modifications induced by the carbonates dissolution but the changes in relative permeability could also be explained by a potential increase of the water-wet character of the core. Further investigations on the impacts of mineral changes are required with other reactive formation rocks, especially carbonate-rich ones, because the implications can be significant both for the validity of laboratory measurements and for the outcomes of in situ operations modeling.

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Water retention and gas relative permeability of two industrial concretes

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

Experimental Measurements and Multi-Scale Modeling of the Relative Gas Permeability of a Caprock

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

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Water retention and gas relative permeability of two industrial concretes

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

Characterization of Concrete by Calibrating Thermo-Hydraulic Multiphase Flow Models

Experimental Measurements and Multi-Scale Modeling of the Relative Gas Permeability of a Caprock

Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO2/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes

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Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO₂/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes