Water reuse: A flexible and efficient management alternative for municipal water supply

/ This article documents the general need to reuse water reclaimed from sewage effluents for beneficial purposes and then considers in detail which specific uses will be most beneficial. The analysis begins by describing five levels of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, tertiary, advanced, and advanced plus complete treatment. Next, five major uses for reclaimed water are identified: groundwater recharge, industrial use, irrigation, recreational lakes, and direct municipal reuse. Subcategories of reuse falling under each of the five major reuse categories are also identified and discussed. The analysis then proceeds to review significant literature available on health and environmental effects, treatment and distribution costs, and public opinion concerns in relation to each of the five major uses and their related subcategories. The paper concludes with a cumulative numerical analysis of the disbenefits associated with each specific type of reuse summed over the health effects, environmental effects, treatment costs, distribution costs, and public opinion concerns. Uses of reclaimed water for industrial purposes and for irrigation of fodder and fiber crops are found to be most beneficial by the analysis here employed, and use foi" aquifer recharge and direct municipal reuse are found to be least beneficial.

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Water resources systems

Loucks¹

1979

Reviews of Geophysics

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The past four years have seen various statistical and optimization‐simulation modeling techniques of increased quality and usefulness developed and applied to water resources system design and operating problems. Older modeling approaches continue to be improved and newer methods continue to be developed for the comprehensive analysis of larger complex problems. What distinguishes the last four years from the past is the major increase in the number of successful and useful applications of these mathematical modeling techniques. If success can be measured by the impact models have on our understanding and management of hydrologie or water resource systems, then any review of the recent literature (especially of the proceedings of various symposia and conferences on this subject) will demonstrate that these methods of analyses have matured and are being successfully used throughout the world.

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Water reuse: A flexible and efficient management alternative for municipal water supply

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Implications of Climate Change for Future Water Demand

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Public policy for the use of reclaimed water

Water resources systems

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