Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs

Jiménez, Blanca; Asano, Takashi

doi:10.2166/9781780401881

Cited by 169 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…As urban water scarcity is growing and water purification technology is advancing, wastewaters are being reclaimed in increasing volumes and being reused for more purposes around the world (Levine and Asano, 2004). The highest-ranked countries of the total wastewater reuse are the United States and Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, Israel, and Kuwait are the most remarkable countries based on the per capita wastewater reuse (Jimenez and Asano, 2008). In the United States, Florida and California represent the largest use of reclaimed water, and landscape irrigation use of reclaimed water increased rapidly from 44% in 2003 to 59% in 2009 in Florida (Chen et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

Lyu

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

307

118

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The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

Lyu

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

307

118

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“…They are looking to change the irrigation by furrows, with efficiencies of approximately 40% [37], to sprinkler irrigation systems with efficiencies between 80% and 85% and drip irrigation which can achieve efficiencies of 90%. Colombia is among the countries with the highest use of raw wastewater in agricultural irrigation [45], while irrigation with treated wastewater is virtually non-existent [46]. Recently the Government of Colombia introduced new regulations for the use of treated wastewater [47] through which it aims to encourage reuse in both agricultural irrigation and other types of use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach for Improving Urban Water Management and Water Resource Quality Improvement

Galvis

Steen

Gijzen³

2018

Water

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Abstract:The impact on water resources caused by municipal wastewater discharges has become a critical and ever-growing environmental and public health concern. So far, interventions have been positioned largely 'at the end of the pipe', via the introduction of high-tech and innovative wastewater treatment technologies. This approach is incomplete, inefficient and expensive, and will not be able to address the rapidly growing global wastewater challenge. In order to be able to efficiently address this problem, it is important to adopt an integrated approach such as the three-step strategic approach (3-SSA) consisting of (1) minimization and prevention, (2) treatment for reuse and (3) stimulated natural self-purification. In this study, the 3-SSA was validated by applying it to the Upper Cauca river basin, in Colombia and comparing it to a conventional strategy. The pollutant load removed was 64,805 kg/d Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD 5 (46%) for the conventional strategy and 69,402 kg/d BOD 5 (50%) for the unconventional strategy. Cost benefit analysis results clearly favoured the 3-SSA (unconventional strategy): NPV for the conventional strategy = −276,318 × 10 3 Euros, and NPV for the unconventional strategy (3-SSA) = +338,266 × 10 3 Euros. The application of the 3-SSA resulted in avoided costs for initial investments and operation and maintenance (O&M), especially for groundwater wells and associated pumps for sugar cane irrigation. Furthermore, costs were avoided by optimization of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), tariffs and by replacement of fertilizers.

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“…While irrigation is often the most important contributor to national water consumption (Jiménez and Asano, 2008), because of global change the world is facing increasing limitations of water resources (IPCC, 2012) in terms of quantity (Lazarova and Asano, 2005) and quality (Craun et al, 2006).…”

Section: Water Resources Of Diminishing Quality and Quantitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: Trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability

Nguyen-Thé

Bardin²,

Bérard

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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(2016). Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability.Science of the Total Environment, 562, 751-759. H I G H L I G H T S• Measures taken to improve safety were assessed for their impact on sustainability.• Fresh produce safety improvements may come at the expense of sustainability.• Environment, food security and human health constituted the three domains of sustainability.• Measures to improve safety should be adapted to each agrifood system. Fresh produce has been a growing cause of food borne outbreaks world-wide prompting the need for safer production practices. Yet fresh produce agrifood systems are diverse and under constraints for more sustainability. We analyze how measures taken to guarantee safety interact with other objectives for sustainability, in light of the diversity of fresh produce agrifood systems. The review is based on the publications at the interface between fresh produce safety and sustainability, with sustainability defined by low environmental impacts, food and nutrition security and healthy life. The paths for more sustainable fresh produce are diverse. They include an increased use of ecosystem services to e.g. favor predators of pests, or to reduce impact of floods, to reduce soil erosion, or to purify run-off waters. In contrast, they also include production systems isolated from the environment. From a socio-economical view, sustainability may imply maintaining small tenures with a higher risk of pathogen contamination. We analyzed the consequences for produce safety by focusing on risks of contamination by water, soil, environment and live stocks. Climate change may increase the constraints and recent knowledge on interactions between produce and human pathogens may bring new solutions. Existing technologies may suffice to resolve some conflicts between ensuring safety of fresh produce and moving towards more sustainability. However, socio-economic constraints of some agri-food systems may prevent their implementation. In addition, current strategies to preserve produce safety are not adapted to systems relying on ecological principles and knowledge is lacking to develop the new risk management approaches that would be needed. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs

Cited by 169 publications

References 0 publications

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach for Improving Urban Water Management and Water Resource Quality Improvement

Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: Trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability

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