Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Service Ladders and Childhood Diarrhea in Haramaya Demographic and Health Surveillance Site, Eastern Ethiopia

Wagari, Samuel; Girma, Haileyesus; Geremew, Abraham

doi:10.1177/11786302221091416

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In addition, a cross-sectional study conducted in the Haramaya demographic and health surveillance site, in Eastern Ethiopia, revealed that the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 24.8% (95% CI: 22.3–27.6). They highlighted that improvement of WASH service levels is needed as the prevalence of childhood diarrhea was lower in the higher service levels compared to the lower service levels ( 10 ). Moreover, a study in Northwest Ethiopia found that the great majority of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children is linked to households with contaminated drinking water, mainly by fecal contamination ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of drinking water and environmental sanitation with diarrhea among under-five children: Evidence from Kersa demographic and health surveillance site, eastern Ethiopia

Mulatu

Ayana

Girma

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDiarrhea remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, despite the global progression of eradicating the burden of diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, there is inadequate supply and sanitation of safe water. However, there is a lack of literature that estimates the impact of drinking water and sanitation service on childhood diarrhea in Kersa Demographic and Health Surveillance. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence and effect of water supply and environmental sanitation on diarrhea among under-five children from 2017 to 2021 in Kersa Demographic and Health Surveillance, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodA prospective cohort study design was implemented among 6,261 children from the Kersa Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Eastern Ethiopia, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021. STATA statistical software was used to extract data from the datasets. The binary logistic regression was used to identify the impact of water supply and environmental sanitation on diarrhea by controlling important confounders. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval measures this association.ResultThe current study showed that among 6,261 under-five children, 41.75% of them had developed active diarrhea during the follow-up time. The final model depicted that having media exposure of 22% [AOR - 0.78 CI: (0.61, 0.98)], a protected tube well source of drinking water of 50% [AOR - 1.50, CI: (1.32, 1.71)], unprotected tube well source of drinking water of 66% [AOR - 1.66 CI: (1.27, 2.18)], having toilet facility of 13% [AOR - 0.87 CI: (0.78, 0.97)], and accessibility of source of water [AOR - 1.17 CI: (1.05, 1.30)] showed a significant association with diarrhea among under-five children.ConclusionThe prevalence of diarrhea is found to be high in the Kersa District. The main predictors of diarrhea under five were a lack of latrines, an unimproved source of drinking water, and a distance from access to drinking water. The study setting should focus on increasing the adequacy of safe drinking water and sanitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of drinking water and environmental sanitation with diarrhea among under-five children: Evidence from Kersa demographic and health surveillance site, eastern Ethiopia

Mulatu

Ayana

Girma

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

Self Cite

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“…Giving fluids other than breast milk can also be a means of entry for pathogenic bacteria [10], [13]. Early childhood is very susceptible to bacteria that cause diarrhea, especially in an environment that is less hygienic and has poor sanitation [13], [14]. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 4 months can reduce infant and child morbidity by 10-20 times and mortality by 1-7 times [11], [12], [15], [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Model of Mothers' Caregiving Risk Factors on Keeping Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0-6 Months

Umijatil¹,

Andajani²

2023

ujph

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The risk factor model of maternal care in maintaining the nutritional status of children 0-6 months needs to be found. A total of 86 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months were sampled in this cross-sectional study. We conducted interviewing and observed parenting risks and measured the child's weight and height. Next, the data were analyzed using Lisrel for Windows 9.1 program. The risk factor model of maternal care in maintaining the nutritional status of children 0-3 months consists of the child's birth weight (t=10.14, γ=0.71 for WAZ and t=2.23, γ=0.37 for LAZ), the incidence of sick child (t=-4.43, γ=-0.28 for WAZ and t=2.48, γ=0.36 for LAZ) and sick child care (t=-10.28, γ=-0.68 for WAZ), while the model for children aged 4-6 months consisted of birth weight (t=2.59, γ=0.31 for WAZ, and t=3.32, γ=0.36 for WLZ) and sick child care (t=2.95, γ=0.31 for WLZ). The risk factor model of maternal care in maintaining the nutritional status of children 0-6 months mainly consists of the child's birth weight and care for sick children. The results of this study are the first step to improve the mother's parenting ability to maintain her child's nutritional status.

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“…By 2020, around 2 billion people worldwide will not have access to safely managed drinking water, and 3.6 billion will not have access to safely managed sanitation services (Wagari, Girma and Geremew, 2022). In Indonesia, nearly 100 million people lack observation sheets, and compact dry to measure the microbiological quality of water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Diarrhea in Toddlers at Post-Declaration Open-Defecation-Free Area

Siwiendrayanti

Maulidah

2022

Kemas

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Kudus District Health Office in 2020 reported that diarrhea was still the main cause of post-neonatal and toddler mortality even though Kudus District had become an Open Defecation Free (ODF) District in 2019. The highest case finding was in the working area of the Gondosari Health Center at 22.9% in 2020 and an increase of 20.8% compared to the previous year. Aim: to find out the determinants of the incidence diarrhea in toddler after ODF declaration in the work area of the Gondosari Health Center, Kudus Regency. Method: this type of research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design and was obtained in December 2021. The number of samples was 71 samples with the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet and an observation sheet. Data analysis used Chi-Square and Fisher tests. Result: the results showed the quality of latrine facilities (RP=1.9 and p=0.112), PAMRT (RP=1.0 and p=1,000), PLCRT (RP=3.1 and p=0.001), drinking water sources (RP= 1.1 and p=0.986, water microbiological quality (RP=4.0 and p=0.026). Conclusion: there is a relationship between PLCRT and water microbiological quality with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five after the ODF declaration in the Gondosari Health Center working area. It is hoped that the government will seek a better water source development program for the community and regular monitoring of ODF areas.

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Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Service Ladders and Childhood Diarrhea in Haramaya Demographic and Health Surveillance Site, Eastern Ethiopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Association of drinking water and environmental sanitation with diarrhea among under-five children: Evidence from Kersa demographic and health surveillance site, eastern Ethiopia

Association of drinking water and environmental sanitation with diarrhea among under-five children: Evidence from Kersa demographic and health surveillance site, eastern Ethiopia

The Model of Mothers' Caregiving Risk Factors on Keeping Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0-6 Months

Determinants of Diarrhea in Toddlers at Post-Declaration Open-Defecation-Free Area

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