Water, sanitation, and primary school attendance: A multi-level assessment of determinants of household-reported absence in Kenya

Dreibelbis, Robert; Greene, Leslie E.; Freeman, Matthew C.; Saboori, Shadi; Chase, Rachel P.; Rheingans, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.07.002

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This fact is widely recognised by development agencies, but warrants further scholarly attention. In particular, greater attention to the work of children in gathering water is needed (Dreibelbis, et al 2012;Hemson, 2007). In this study, we found that women, girls and boys are involved in gathering water, whereas much other research suggests this work is undertaken predominantly or solely by women and girls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Many fetch water from long distances, or pay high prices for water that may be poor quality (as found elsewhere; e.g. Dreibelbis et al, 2012;Hemson, 2007;Smiley, 2013). For example, shallow ground--water sources may be polluted by pit latrines -the main sanitary system across the unplanned areas of the city.…”

Section: Infrastructure and Urbanisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, time spent walking and waiting for water prevents children from attending classes, creating a feedback in which some children from poor families do not attend class, thereby receiving a lower level of education than other children their age, and potentially missing economic opportunities later in life (cf. Dreibelbis, et al 2012;Hemson, 2007). Some households cope with water shortages by limiting their water use; 20% of those surveyed said that they use little water in order to survive.…”

Section: Securing Water Through Non--financial Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Water Governance Failure and Local Strategies for Overcoming Water Shortages in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Rugemalila

Gibbs

2015

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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In Tanzania's largest city, Dar es Salaam, water supply does not meet the needs of the community. In response, people adopt multiple strategies to secure adequate water for their daily requirements. This paper investigates urban water provision and governance in Dar es Salaam, and has two aims: to investigate the causes of urban water failure; and to examine the full range of strategies employed by the local community to overcome water shortages. We critique the socioeconomic implications of both water shortages themselves and the methods used to overcome them. The paper draws on a household survey and key informant interviews in Temeke, one of the city's three municipalities. We find that failing urban infrastructure and rapid urbanisation place additional pressure on water supply, but argue that the primary cause of water shortages is water governance failure. In Tanzania's largest city, Dar es Salaam, water supply does not meet the needs of the community. In response, people adopt multiple strategies to secure adequate water for their daily requirements. This paper investigates urban water provision and governance in Dar es Salaam, and has two aims: to investigate the causes of urban water failure; and to examine the full range of strategies employed by the local community to overcome water shortages. We critique the socio--economic implications of both water shortages themselves and the methods used to overcome them. The paper draws on a household survey and key informant interviews in Temeke, one of the city's three Municipalities. We find that failing urban infrastructure and rapid urbanisation place additional pressure on water supply, but argue that the primary cause of water shortages is water governance failure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Infrastructure and Urbanisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Securing Water Through Non--financial Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Water Governance Failure and Local Strategies for Overcoming Water Shortages in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Rugemalila

Gibbs

2015

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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“…Cross-sectional studies often with large samples can, when credible, come up with findings of interest and potential relevance for policy and practice. In western Kenya a large-scale study of schools including household questionnaires found that the only WASH factor associated with school absence was the cleanliness of the toilets (Dreibelbis et al, 2012). In Bangladesh, a more in-depth study in 16 schools found that key factors in well-managed school sanitation were quality construction and community or government financial support, and that the supporting conditions were school management committee involvement, a sanitation champion, and clear teacher responsibility for maintenance (Chatterley et al, 2014).…”

Section: Cost-effective Alternatives To Rcts and Srsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Know Better?

Chambers¹

2017

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“…Dreibelbis et al (2013) carried out a multilevel assessment of determinants (WASH and other factors) of primary school attendance in western Kenya by analysing school attendance data of nearly 8000 children. School absence of females increased with increasing age (from 12 to 18 years), possibly due to WASH issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater scarcity impact on inclusiveness and women empowerment: Insights from school absenteeism of female students in two watersheds in India

Kookana

Maheshwari

Dillon

et al. 2016

International Journal of Inclusive Education

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A survey was conducted in eight secondary schools located in two watersheds in Gujarat and Rajasthan (semi-arid region of India) to assess students' perceptions about groundwater scarcity issues and the impact of the scarcity on their educational opportunities. Survey responses to a detailed questionnaire by a cohort of students in both watersheds; school attendance records of year 8 class students (13-14 years old) and responses gathered via a socio-economic survey involving 500 families in the study area were used in the study. In both watersheds, >90% students identified groundwater scarcity as a major issue. Required to work at home or farm, about 65% students in Gujarat and 60% in Rajasthan missed school for up to 2 days/month; and a smaller proportion (∼ 30%) missed schools for 4 or more days/month. School absenteeism was found to be linked with gender; female students missed schools more frequently than their male counterpart. The school attendance records in Rajasthan showed that the frequency of female students missing schools for 5 or more days/month was on an average 2-10 times greater than that for males. The gender difference in absenteeism in all schools was statistically significant (P < .018**). The study highlighted that groundwater scarcity in the study area, and consequent demand on their time for household work including fetching drinking water are contributing factors towards limiting their educational and economic opportunities. Groundwater scarcity can be one of the key factors that can limit inclusiveness and empowerment of women and need to be considered in policy-making. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Water, sanitation, and primary school attendance: A multi-level assessment of determinants of household-reported absence in Kenya

Abstract: 2016-12-23T18:52:10

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Urban Water Governance Failure and Local Strategies for Overcoming Water Shortages in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban Water Governance Failure and Local Strategies for Overcoming Water Shortages in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Can We Know Better?

Groundwater scarcity impact on inclusiveness and women empowerment: Insights from school absenteeism of female students in two watersheds in India

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