Water scarcity and rioting: Disaggregated evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Almer, Christian; Laurent-Lucchetti, Jérémy; Oechslin, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2017.06.002

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our results also add new micro evidence to the literature on the determinants of social conflicts (e.g., Bellemare 2015), and on the relationship between weather anomalies and human conflicts (e.g., studies by Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti 2004; Burke et al 2009; Jia 2014; Couttenier and Soubeyran 2014; Maystadt and Ecker 2014; Almer, Laurent‐Lucchetti, and Oechslin 2017; Harari and La Ferrara 2018). It is generally found that rainfall anomalies are positively correlated with the occurrence of large‐scale conflicts .…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Following the recent literature on water scarcity and conflicts (e.g., Couttenier and Soubeyran 2014; Almer, Laurent‐Lucchetti, and Oechslin 2017; Harari and La Ferrara 2018) we adopt a finer instrument to measure water availability. Our benchmark indicator of water scarcity, denoted as SPEI Shock is defined as the fraction of the rainy seasons (spring and summer) during which the SPEI index was below its mean by half a standard deviation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See, e.g., studies by Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti (2004), Jia (2014), Couttenier and Soubeyran (2014), Maystadt and Ecker (2014), Almer, Laurent‐Lucchetti, and Oechslin (2017), or Harari and La Ferrara (2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Property Rights, Land Disputes and Water Scarcity: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

Falco¹,

Laurent-Lucchetti²,

Veronesi³

et al. 2019

American J Agri Economics

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This article investigates the relationship between insecure property rights and land disputes using farm household panel data from the highlands of Ethiopia. Our identification strategy relies on the gradual rollout of a land certification program. We find that tenure security significantly reduces the likelihood for a farm household to experience land disputes. We further document that water scarcity during the rainy seasons is an important determinant of land disputes. However, farm households that have been certified are significantly less likely to experience land disputes triggered by water scarcity than farm households without land certification. 5 We provide a simple theoretical framework in the online supplementary appendix guiding these empirical results. Our theoretical framework is a simple bargaining model with private information. We assume that agents bargain over a piece of land. One agent can illegally use the land, albeit at a (privately known) cost. This cost reflects the strength of property rights in the region: the cost is substantive if tenure security is strong, and low if property rights are ill-defined. When facing adverse weather shocks, the temptation to encroach on the land of the tenant rises along with water scarcity. 6 Ethiopia has implemented one of the largest, fastest, and least expensive land registration and certification reforms in Africa according to Deininger et al. (2008).

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Property Rights, Land Disputes and Water Scarcity: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

Falco¹,

Laurent-Lucchetti²,

Veronesi³

et al. 2019

American J Agri Economics

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“…The impacts of such water deficits go beyond water access. They impair biodiversity, public health, education, and business (Almer et al, 2017;Freire-González et al, 2017;Gleick, 2018). For instance, Damania et al (2017) estimate a single water outage can reduce a firm's revenue by more than 8% or as much as 35% in the informal sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current urban development and future urban water deficit: How centrality and maturity affect predicted droughts?

Bolognesi¹,

Turley²,

Heikkila³

2020

Preprint

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Cities face the risk of water deficits. This risk involves substantial costs and damages that impair water access, biodiversity, public health, education and business. Consequently, comparative research is growing to understand urban water deficit risks and to derive policy lessons that can limit the vulnerability of large population centres. So far, this body of the literature has mostly focused on short term analysis (<10 years) and emphasized particular policy instruments to cope with shocks while neglecting the role of socio-economic contexts. We intend to fill this gap by questioning how current urban structural characteristics affect future urban water deficits. We combine indicators of cities’ centrality and maturity in 2010 with the likelihood and magnitude of cities’ water deficits between 2050 and 2070. The dataset covers 235 of the 595 cities over 750 000 inhabitants in 2010. We show that urban centrality and maturity are negatively associated with future urban deficit, as these two characteristics enable cities to attract political, technical, and economic resources to fuel their development. Further, we depict the non-linearity of these relationships. Whereas management responses and strategies may impact short-term water deficits in cities, we argue for the role of urban structural factors in shaping future water deficits.

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“…The worldwide deficiency of clean freshwater causes sanitation problems, food shortage and sometimes even conflicts [1][2][3]. UN's sustainable development goal (SDG), number 6 aim to ensure access to water and sanitation for all [4]-a goal currently far from met.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Power as Solution for Off-Grid Water Desalination Systems: Resource Characterization for Kilifi-Kenya

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Freshwater scarcity is one of humanity's reoccurring problems that hamper socio-economic development in many regions across the globe. In coastal areas, seawater can be desalinated through reverse osmosis (RO) and transformed into freshwater for human use. Desalination requires large amounts of energy, mostly in the form of a reliable electricity supply, which in many cases is supplied by diesel generators. The objective of this work is to analyze the wave power resource availability in Kilifi-Kenya and evaluate the possible use of wave power converter (WEC) to power desalination plants. A particular focus is given use of WECs developed by Uppsala University (UU-WEC). The results here presented were achieved using reanalysis-wave data revealed that the local wave climate has an approximate annual mean of 7 kW/m and mode of 5 kW/m. Significant wave height and wave mean period are within 0.8-2 m and 7-8 s respectively, with a predominant wave mean direction from southeast. The seasonal cycle appeared to be the most relevant for energy conversion, having the highest difference of 6 kW/m, in which April is the lowest (3.8 kW/m) and August is the peak (10.5 kW/m). In such mild wave climates, the UU-WEC and similar devices can be suitable for ocean energy harvesting for water desalination systems. Technically, with a capacity factor of 30% and energy consumption of 3 kWh/m 3 , a coastal community of about five thousand inhabitants can be provided of freshwater by only ten WECs with installed capacity of 20 kW.

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Water scarcity and rioting: Disaggregated evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Property Rights, Land Disputes and Water Scarcity: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

Property Rights, Land Disputes and Water Scarcity: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

Current urban development and future urban water deficit: How centrality and maturity affect predicted droughts?

Wave Power as Solution for Off-Grid Water Desalination Systems: Resource Characterization for Kilifi-Kenya

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