Water-sensitive damage mechanism and the injection water source optimization of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs

Wang, Lei; Zhang, Hui; Peng, Xiaodong; Wang, Panrong; Zhao, Nan; Chu, Shasha; Wang, Xinguang; Ling-hui, Kong

doi:10.1016/s1876-3804(19)60275-2

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With the increasing demand for energy and the deepening of oilfield development, the available reserves of conventional reservoirs are decreasing. − The effective development of unconventional oil resources, such as low-permeability and tight reservoirs, is playing an increasingly important role in energy supply. − To realize industrial production, low-permeability and tight reservoirs are usually fractured at first to improve permeability, followed by water flooding or gas flooding. − Low-permeability and tight reservoirs are characterized by low permeability, poor reservoir flow capacity, a large difference in plane physical properties, and a rapid decline in formation energy. − Therefore, it is difficult to maintain the water injection pressure, and the oil recovery of water flooding is low . For these two types of reservoirs, gas flooding offers unique advantages over other production practices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Stability of Oil-Based Nitrogen Foam under Ultrahigh Pressure and Elevated Temperature

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Nitrogen flooding can effectively develop lowpermeability and tight reservoirs. However, because of the low viscosity and density of nitrogen, gas channeling easily occurs, resulting in low oil recovery. Oil-based nitrogen foam can be used to control gas channeling during nitrogen flooding, but the foam stability directly affects the application effect. In this paper, the performance of the foaming agent was optimized by compounding, and a stable oil-based nitrogen foam was successfully built, with a foam volume exceeding 400 mL and a half-life of liquid drainage exceeding 40 min. The foam stability under an ultrahigh pressure of 60 MPa and an elevated temperature of 80 °C were investigated by an ultrahigh pressure and ultrahigh temperature PVT system for the first time. The influence of base oil viscosity and interfacial tension on foam stability was examined. The experimental results showed that the foam stability improved when the pressure increased and worsened when the temperature rose. The foam stability was the best at 20 °C and 60 MPa, and the half-life of liquid drainage was nearly 4 h. The foam stability was the worst at 80 °C and 0.1 MPa, and the half-life was <1 min. The higher was the base oil viscosity, the better was the foam stability. Although the rise of pressure and temperature reduces the nitrogen−diesel interfacial tension, the interfacial tension is not the dominant factor affecting foam stability at elevated temperatures. This paper has a certain guiding significance for perfecting the stability mechanism of oil-based nitrogen foam under ultrahigh pressure and elevated temperature and better controlling gas channeling during nitrogen flooding in low-permeability and tight reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Stability of Oil-Based Nitrogen Foam under Ultrahigh Pressure and Elevated Temperature

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…1 , 2 This in turn reduces the water injection capacity and quantity of reservoirs near wells and oil-water transition zones, thus reducing the productivity of oil wells. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing low-permeability reservoirs with low porosity and permeability remains a significant challenge owing to the high reservoir stresses and poor water injection effects; both factors are sensitive to water and lead to a water-locking effect. , This in turn reduces the water injection capacity and quantity of reservoirs near wells and oil-water transition zones, thus reducing the productivity of oil wells …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of an Octadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride–Dimethyl Silicone Oil as a Waterproof Locking Agent in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Low porosity and permeability of oil and gas reservoirs make it difficult to develop these resources. To address these problems, we developed and evaluated a novel, environmentally friendly waterproof locking agent, which was prepared using dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and particle size measurement. The waterproof locking performance of the agent was evaluated in a low-permeability reservoir using surface tension and contact angle measurements, and thermodynamic calculations were performed. The average particle size or median diameter ( D 50 ) of a 1% mother liquor was 325 nm at 20 °C and 470.8 nm at 70 °C. The contact angle of clean water on the core surface increased from 10 to 110°. At 70 °C, the surface tension of water was reduced to 24 mN·m –1 , indicating good waterproof locking performance. The interaction parameters were calculated in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption theory. The increase in temperature from 20 to 70 °C reduced Γ max from 4.59 × 10 –6 to 1.36 × 10 –6 mol·m –2 and Δ G θ from −40.93 to −56.54 kJ·mol –1 . Thus, the adsorption behavior of the developed locking agent is believed to improve the productivity of oil wells.

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“…Some clay mineral particles are produced in the water and crude oils in the oil wells, and others accumulate in micropores or throats (Grude et al 2015;Stück et al 2013;An et al 2016;Meng et al 2015;Sadhukhan et al 2007). Because the pores and pore-throats are small in size, clay mineral migration will influence the porous structure and seepage characteristics (Reuvers and Golombok 2009;Law et al 2015;Wang et al 2019d). Currently, there are many studies on formation damage after water flooding and how to reduce formation damage in low permeability sandstone reservoirs (Olayiwola and Dejam 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on reservoir damage caused by clay minerals after water injection in low permeability sandstone reservoirs

Yazhou

Yang

Yin

2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Water injection is an effective method for developing low permeability sandstone reservoirs. In the process of water flooding, reservoir damage can occur due to clay mineral content changes and it will significantly affect oil production. There are few investigations on the changes in clay mineral content and the degree of reservoir damage after injecting the water into low permeability sandstone reservoirs with different permeabilities and lithologies. In this study, low permeability natural cores from different lithological strata were collected from 4 wells in the Daqing sandstone reservoir, and clay mineral components and contents were measured through X-ray diffraction. Changes in the clay mineral content were determined after water injection. The reservoir damage mechanism by clay mineral migration was determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after water injection. Meanwhile, the porosity and permeability of the cores were tested after water injection, and the degree of reservoir damage in different lithological strata was determined. The clay mineral content ranges from 6.78 to 14.14% in low permeability sandstone cores and declines by 49.73% after water flooding. Illite, chlorite and illite/smectite mostly decrease, and kaolinite decreases the least. Due to the large particle size of kaolinite, kaolinite migration will block the pore-throats and cause formation damage after water flooding. In argillaceous siltstone and siltstone, kaolinite particles blocking pore-throats are very serious, and the permeability decreases greatly by 21.87–36.89% after water injection. With increasing permeability, the permeability decreases greatly after water injection. The findings of this study can help to better understand the mechanisms of formation damage after injecting water into low permeability sandstone reservoirs.

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Water-sensitive damage mechanism and the injection water source optimization of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental Investigation on the Stability of Oil-Based Nitrogen Foam under Ultrahigh Pressure and Elevated Temperature

Experimental Investigation on the Stability of Oil-Based Nitrogen Foam under Ultrahigh Pressure and Elevated Temperature

Performance Evaluation of an Octadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride–Dimethyl Silicone Oil as a Waterproof Locking Agent in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Experimental investigation on reservoir damage caused by clay minerals after water injection in low permeability sandstone reservoirs

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