Water-soluble fluorescent red colorant production by Talaromyces amestolkiae

Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

“…•Choe et al [14] also report the possibility to manipulate the metabolism in suboptimal conditions. •Acidic condictions are effective for accumulation of orange pigments by Monascus ruber M7 [86].…”

“…•Stimulation of the synthesis of orange metabolites in low pH (2.5) is also effective for Monascus sp. KCCM 10093, since, under acidic conditions, conversion of orange to red metabolites is low due to greater expression of the genes MrpigA, B, F, and K, responsible for the production of orange pigments [86].…”

“…Therefore, a big challenge in pigments production is to obtain pure extracts, containing fewer substances and, preferably, with only one color [ 19 ]. Figure 12 presents some fungal species and associated fermentative parameters that resulted in the production of yellow [ 66 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], orange [ 14 , 85 ] or red [ 14 , 79 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ] pigments. However, in most of the works, yellow, orange and red azaphilones are produced simultaneously (cocktail pigments phenomenon) in different proportions.…”

“…The color of pigments produced by Talaromyces amestolkiae DPUA 1275 was shown to be pH-dependent. Low pH (2.59 and 3) directed to small production of yellow pigments while red ones were not detected [ 86 ]. On a further study, T. amestolkiae DPUA 1275 was grown in MSG-glucose medium supplemented with three individual complex nitrogen sources (yeast extract, meat extract and meat peptone), six individual amino acids (glutamic acid, threonine, tyrosine, glycine, cysteine and tryptophan), and two vitamins (biotin and thiamine) [ 92 ].…”

“…Figure 12.Conditions reported for color-directed production of yellow, orange and red azaphilones[14,67,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90].…”