Water-soluble ions in nano/ultrafine/fine/coarse particles collected near a busy road and at a rural site

Lin, Chih‐Chung; Chen, Shui‐Jen; Huang, Kuo‐Lin; Lee, Wen‐Jhy; Lin, Wen-Yinn; Liao, Chiu‐Jung; Chaung, Hso-Chi; Chiu, Chuen-Huey

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.023

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The size distribution of Mg 2+ shown for ALG1 seems to be real since it also had two modes similar to the other cation species. The multimodal distributions have also been observed at other locations (e.g., Lin et al, 2007). Such a phenomenon could be caused by a mix of different-aged air masses having different modes, e.g., one air mass having new emissions peaking at sizes of 6 µm in diameter and another one having an aged air mass peaking at submicron sizes, the latter could be due to the lowest removal rate by dry deposition and by precipitation scavenging for this particle size range.…”

Section: Chloride and Sodiummentioning

confidence: 56%

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions, including particulate sulphate (SO 2− 4 ), nitrate (NO − 3 ), ammonium (NH + 4 ), chloride (Cl − ), and base cations (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ), were measured using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) during fourteen short-term field campaigns at eight locations in both polluted and remote regions of eastern and central Canada. The size distributions of SO 2− 4 and NH + 4 were unimodal, peaking at 0.3-0.6 µm in diameter, during most of the campaigns, although a bimodal distribution was found during one campaign and a trimodal distribution was found during another campaign made at a coastal site. SO 2− 4 peaked at slightly larger sizes in the cold seasons (0.5-0.6 µm) compared to the hot seasons (0.3-0.4 µm) due to the higher relative humidity in the cold seasons. The size distributions of NO − 3 were unimodal, peaking at 4.0-7.0 µm during the warm-season campaigns, and bimodal, with one peak at 0.3-0.6 µm and another at 4-7 µm during the cold-season campaigns. A unimodal size distribution, peaking at 4-6 µm, was found for Cl − , Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ during approximately half of the campaigns and a bimodal distribution, with one peak at 2 µm and the other at 6 µm, was found during the rest of the campaigns. For K + , a bimodal distribution, with one peak at 0.3 µm and the other at 4 µm, was observed during most of the campaigns. Seasonal contrasts in the size-distribution profiles suggest that emission sources and air mass origins were the major factors controlling the size distributions of the primary aerosols while meteorological conditions were more important for the secondary aerosols.The dependence of the particle acidity on the particle size from the nucleation mode to the accumulation mode was not consistent from site to site or from season to season. Particles in the accumulation mode were more acidic than those in the Correspondence to: L. Zhang (leiming.zhang@ec.gc.ca) nucleation mode when submicron particles were in the state of strong acidity; however, when submicron particles were neutral or weakly acidic, particles in the nucleation mode could sometimes be more acidic. The inconsistency of the dependence of the particle acidity on the particle size should have been caused by the different emission sources of all the related species and the different meteorological conditions during the different campaigns. The results presented here at least partially explain the controversial phenomenon found in previous studies on this topic.

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Section: Chloride and Sodiummentioning

confidence: 56%

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

et al. 2008

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“…Ion concentration accounted for more fraction in PM 2.5 than that in UFPs because UFPs are mostly freshly generated primary or secondary PMs by vehicles, while PM 2.5 are aged ambient particles, which contain more condensed water to absorb inorganic salts (Chen et al, 2010a). It is also noted that PM 2.5 sampled at the JD station contains more soluble ions than those in other stations because of less traffic contribution to PM 2.5 at this station, suggesting that particles are aged through photochemical reaction and thus more secondary sulfates, nitrates, and other inorganic salts are formed (Lin et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Pm 25 and Ufps Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particles and PM2.5 at Three Urban Air Monitoring Stations in Northern Taiwan from 2011 to 2013

Lin

Lee

Lin

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, long term measurements of PM 2.5 and ultrafine particles (UFPs) for daily average mass concentration at Zhongshan (ZS), Sinjhuang (SJ), and Jhudong (JD) urban air monitoring stations were conducted from 2011 spring to 2013 autumn. The results showed that daily average UFPs mass concentrations in spring (average at 3 stations: 1.58 ± 0.74 µg m -3 ) and summer (average at 3 stations: 1.59 ± 0.53 µg m -3 ) were higher than those in autumn (average at 3 stations: 1.02 ± 0.28 µg m -3 ) and winter (average at 3 stations: 1.04 ± 0.48 µg m -3 ) due to the impacts by heavy traffic emission and new particle formation event. The effective density (ρ eff ) and dynamic shape factor (χ) for ultrafine particles (UFPs) were found to be 0.68 ± 0.16 g cm -3 and 2.06 ± 0.19, respectively, suggesting that the particle morphology was irregular shape. Based on the calculated ρ eff and χ, the average number and surface area concentration ratio of UFPs to those of PM 2.5 at these monitoring stations was determined to be 89.0 ± 5.5% and 42.1 ± 12.8%, respectively, suggesting that UFPs contribute significantly to the health-relevant PM 2.5 aerosol fraction in these stations.

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“…Furthermore, vehicle exhaust emissions are the most important contributor of N 30-50 , N 50-100 , N 100-200 and N 200-310 , according to some studies. (Kittelson et al, 2001;Wehner et al, 2002;Zhu et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2005;Rose et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2007;Hussein et al, 2011). Thus, PC1 can be identified as the vehicle exhaust source.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Particle Composition and Submicrometer Size Distribution during an Asian Dust Storm and Non-Dust Storm in Taipei

Liang

Chang

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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Asian dust storm (ADS) not only increase the coarse particle concentrations, but also bring the fine and ultrafine particles to Taiwan. In this study, A PCA model was applied to identify the potential source categories, obtained through measuring ambient 10-500 nm particle number concentrations, size distributions and composition data, during an ADS and non-dust periods. The three factors estimated with rotational components during an ADS were vehicular emissions (52%), dust storm (24%), and primarily gasoline vehicles (12%). During non-dust periods, the three factors were vehicular emissions, secondary sulfate and nitrate (40%), combustion processes and traffic-related emissions (29%), and road dust (25%). In addition, vehicular emissions and road dust were the main sources (78%) during particulate matter episodes. The results showed that, along with wind direction and wind speed, PM composition and size distribution can be used to determine the locally dominant source categories, and to identify ADS episodes.

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Water-soluble ions in nano/ultrafine/fine/coarse particles collected near a busy road and at a rural site

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

Characterization of the size-segregated water-soluble inorganic ions at eight Canadian rural sites

Ultrafine Particles and PM2.5 at Three Urban Air Monitoring Stations in Northern Taiwan from 2011 to 2013

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Particle Composition and Submicrometer Size Distribution during an Asian Dust Storm and Non-Dust Storm in Taipei

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