Water-Soluble Phthalocyanine with Ionogenic Groups as a Molecular Template for Electropolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene

Templating Effect of Water-Soluble Anionic Phthalocyaninate on the Electropolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene

“…Our earlier studies [3] showed that the films of PEDOT-ZnPc (1:4) composites obtained on bare FTO electrodes in potentiostatic (PS) and galvanostatic (GS) modes had bad surface uniformity and no film can be produced by potentiodynamic (PD) synthesis. In the case of PEDOT-MPc composite electrodeposition on a thin PEDOT sublayer, the films were homogeneous with good adhesion to the substrate.…”

“…The large anion is included in the composition of the film and is not removed from it during dedoping. In the case of PEDOT, the large doping anions such as polyelectrolytes (PE) with different structures [2], phthalocyaninate [3], polycatechol [4], poly(β-hydroxyethers) [5], etc., play the role of a doping anion and electrolyte and also serve as active components that affect the kinetics of electrosynthesis, as well as the structure and properties of the resulting polymer composites.…”

“…The preparation of hybrid materials based on conductive polymers and phthalocyanines is carried out using the following methods: (1) the electrocopolymerization of phthalocyanines molecules with electroactive monomers, for example, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) [6][7][8][9][10] or aniline [11]; (2) the use of phthalocyaninates with anionic substituents (carboxylic or sulfonic groups) as a charge-compensating anion in the electropolymerization of aniline [12,13], pyrrole [14,15], and EDOT [3]; (3) the chemical polymerization of EDOT in the presence of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) with copper phthalocyanine [16], poly(sodium styrene sulfonate), and transition-metal tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine as catalysts [17], and the chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid and metal phthalocyaninates [18,19]. Another way to prepare hybrid material is the mixing of PEDOT-PSSA and copper phthalocyanine water dispersions.…”

“…The development of conductive composite films holding both PEDOT and metallophthalocyaninates is a promising way to obtain a multipurpose material for chemical sensors [3], biosensors [6,7], and thermoelectric [21] devices. It was shown in [20] that the use of mixtures of nickel phthalocyanine with PEDOT:PSSA in inverted perovskite solar cells as a hole-transporting layer led to enhanced photon absorption, with the improved film quality of perovskite increasing solar cell stability.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, electrochemical EDOT polymerization in the presence of metal phthalocyaninates (MPc) with ionic substituent groups has not been investigated. In our previous work [3], the use of water-soluble sodium salt of zinc phthalocyaninate containing carboxylate groups as doping anions in PEDOT electrochemical synthesis was carried out for the first time. We demonstrated the acceleration of EDOT electropolymerization in the presence of zinc phthalocyaninate at a ratio of EDOT-to-carboxylate groups of phthalocyaninate of 1:4 compared to that in the presence of a low-molecular electrolyte (sodium acetate).…”