Water-soluble polyaniline/graphene composites as materials for energy storage applications

Abstract

Abstract. Three water-dispersable composites have been synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline N-propanesulfonic acid (AnS) in reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) dispersion, in an ice bath at 0°C and in the absence of any surfactant. The mass ratio between r-GO and aniline monomer have been established as (m r-GO :m AnS ) = 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 while in the composites, the mass ratio between r-GO and polyaniline was found: 1:0.3, 1:0.5 and 1:1, respectively. The molecular structure, morphology, and optical properties of the composites were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performances for energy storage were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements with 1M H 2 SO 4 as electrolyte in a three-electrode cell. The composite with the mass ratio (m r-GO :m PAnS ) = 1:1 has showed good capacitive behavior with a specific capacitance of 1019 F/g at scan rate of 1 mV/s calculated from integrated area of cyclic voltammogram curve and a retention life of 80% after 100 cycles. These results indicate that the composites prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization are promising materials for electrode supercapacitors.

The Effect of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Modified Graphene Oxide as a Nanofiller Material on the Properties of Conductive Polyaniline

“…The downshift in 2θ is more pronounced for nanocomposites reinforced with HDI-GO compared to that with GO (see Table S1), in particular for those with HDI-GO 6, the utmost decrease being 0.79° for PANI/HDI-GO 6 with 10 wt % loading. This shift in 2θ towards lower values has been previously reported for PANI/rGO nanocomposites [26], indicative of an expansion of the interlayer distance, and can be explained by the adsorption and intercalation of PANI on the surface and between the HDI-GO sheets. Thus, as the functionalization degree of HDI-GO increases, the stronger the interactions with the matrix chains, the stronger the adsorption of PANI, the more pronounced the shift in the peak maximum, in agreement with the observations from SEM study (Figure 1).…”

Enhanced Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Functionalized with Doped Polyaniline Composites for the Detection of Low-Concentration Acetone Vapour

“…All the characteristics peaks for PANI, chitosan, and RGO were observed as summarised in Tables 1 and 2 for FTIR and UV-VIS, respectively. FTIR confirmed the presence of two important PANI peaks due to quinoid and benzoid vibration, respectively (Table 1) [71,72].…”

Self‐doped N‐propansulfonic acid polyaniline‐polyethylene terephthalate film used as active sensor element for humidity or gas detection

“…However, the PANi is intractable, infusible, and insoluble, and these inconveniences hamper greatly the processing and applications of the polymer . Therefore, much effort has been made to improve the major drawbacks, like lack of processability and solubility of the conducting PANi and many attempts have been made to surpass these difficulties . Sulfonated PANis are the alternative way used to solve the problems of polymer solubility and processability, because the presence of these groups in PANi structure affects the physicochemical properties of parent‐polymer and is of great interest in crystallographic, optical, steric, and electronic properties .…”

“…27,28 Therefore, much effort has been made to improve the major drawbacks, like lack of processability and solubility of the conducting PANi and many attempts have been made to surpass these difficulties. [29][30][31] Sulfonated PANis are the alternative way used to solve the problems of polymer solubility and processability, because the presence of these groups in PANi structure affects the physicochemical properties of parent-polymer and is of great interest in crystallographic, optical, steric, and electronic properties. [32][33][34][35][36] Sulfonated PANis are obtained by several routes such as copolymerization of aniline with aniline comonomers containing sulfonic groups, 37-39 the direct ring-sulfonation of emeraldine base form with fuming sulfuric acid, when -SO 3 H groups are introduced at the aromatic ring, 40,41 the treatment of emeraldine base of PANi with 1,3-propanesulfone or 1,4-butanesulfone in the presence of sodium hydride, 42,43 and chemical and electrochemical polymerization of sulfonated monomers.…”