Water soluble polymers: 69. pH and electrolyte responsive copolymers of acrylamide and the zwitterionic monomer 4-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyldimethylammonio) butanoate: synthesis and solution behaviour

Kathmann, Erich E.; White, Leslie A.; McCormick, Charles L.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00586-1

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…42 The monomers and reaction conditions used in the synthesis of the model PZs were chosen to yield systems with homogeneous compositions, random charge distributions, and well-defined MWs and MWDs. McCormick and coworkers [23][24][25][26]28,33,34 showed that the effects of compositional drift are negligible when only acrylamido monomers are used in the synthesis of PAM-based PZs (because of the similar reactivities of the acrylamido polymerizable groups). Hence, AMBATAC and AM-DAP polymerizations can be carried out to relatively high conversions (Ͼ75%) while maintaining relatively homogeneous terpolymer and copolymer compositions.…”

Section: Dilute-solution Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of NaCl to the reaction medium screens the electrostatic interactions between charged monomers; thus, the tendencies for the charged monomers to be incorporated into the polyampholyte terpolymers as alternating pairs and into the polybetaine copolymers as blocky segments are greatly reduced. 21,26,33,34,48 In previous studies of PAM-based PZs synthesized by free-radical polymerization, the degrees of polymerization (DPs) were observed to vary widely, depending strongly on the monomer feed compositions. 24,25,28,33,34,36,49 To eliminate the effects of the monomer feed composition on DP, the polymerizations in this study were conducted in the presence of NaOOCH as a chain-transfer agent.…”

Section: Dilute-solution Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McCormick and coworkers 2,24,28,39,40 have prepared several polyampholyte systems that demonstrate pH-triggerable changes in solution viscosity by utilizing (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl)dimethylammonium chloride (AMPDAC) or sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) as pH-responsive comonomers with NaAMPS or AMPTAC, respectively. McCormick and Kathmann 33,34,36 examined copolymers of AM with various pH-responsive carboxybetaine comonomers; the copolymers exhibited pH-induced PZ-to-PE transitions leading to dramatic changes in the solution viscosity. Because of their unique combination of pHand salt-responsive properties, these PAM-based PZs represent an extremely interesting class of stimuliresponsive polymers that merit further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH‐responsive polyzwitterions: A comparative study of acrylamide‐based polyampholyte terpolymers and polybetaine copolymers

Fevola

Bridges

Kellum

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A comparative study of pH-responsive polyzwitterions (PZs) with polyampholyte or polybetaine architectures was conducted with well-defined model polymer systems. Low-charge-density PZs, including ampholytic terpolymers composed of acrylamide (AM), sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate, and (3-acrylamidopropyl-)trimethylammonium chloride and carboxybetaine copolymers composed of AM and 3-(3-acrylamidopropyldimethylammonio)propionate, were prepared via free-radical polymerization in 0.5M NaCl to yield ter-and copolymers with random termonomer and comonomer distributions. Sodium formate was used as a chain-transfer agent during the polymerizations to eliminate the effects of the monomer feed composition on the degree of polymerization (DP) and to suppress gel effects and broadening of the molecular weight distributions. The polymer compositions were determined via 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, and the residual counterion content was determined via elemental analysis for Na ϩ and Cl Ϫ . The molecular weights (MWs) and polydispersity indices (PDIs) were determined via size exclusion chromatography/multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS); the polymer MWs ranged from 1.4 to 1.5 ϫ 10 6 g/mol, corresponding to DPs of 1.6 -1.9 ϫ 10 4 repeat units, with all the polymers exhibiting PDIs less than or equal to 2.1. The intrinsic viscosities determined from SEC-MALLS data and the Flory-Fox relationship agreed with the intrinsic viscosities determined via low-shear dilute-solution viscometry. Data from the SEC-MALLS analysis were used to analyze the radius of gyration/molecular weight (R g -M) relationships and the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada intrinsic viscosity/ molecular weight ([]-M) relationships for the PZs. The R g -M and []-M relationships and viscometric data revealed that under size exclusion chromatography conditions, the poly[acrylamide-co-3-(3-acrylamidopropyldimethylammonio)propionate] betaine copolymers had more open, random-coil conformations and greater polymer-solvent interactions than the ampholytic poly[acrylamide-co-sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate-co-(3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride] terpolymers. The pH-and salt-responsive dilute-solution viscosity behavior of the PZs was examined to assess the effects of the polymer structure and composition on the solution properties. The polyampholyte terpolymers had greater solution viscosities and more pronounced stimuli-responsiveness than the polybetaine copolymers because of their stronger intramolecular interactions and increased chain stiffness.

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Section: Dilute-solution Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dilute-solution Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH‐responsive polyzwitterions: A comparative study of acrylamide‐based polyampholyte terpolymers and polybetaine copolymers

Fevola

Bridges

Kellum

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…McCormick et al [11,26,27] have synthesized a series of sulfobetaine (co)polymers by conventional freeradical techniques and found that the copolymers with 25 mol% or less of zwitterionic comonomer were soluble in deionized water and displayed a tendency to intermolecularly associate. Liaw et al [20,28] demonstrated that intermolecular and intramolecular interactions are salt-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and solution property of acrylamide-sulfobetaine copolymers

Song

Zheng

2014

Colloid Polym Sci

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A b s t r a c t S u l f o b e t a i n e 3 -[ N , N -d i m e t h y l -N -( 2 -methacryloxylethyl)ammonio]-propane sulfonate (DMAPS) was used to copolymerize with acrylamide (AM) to prepare salt-sensitive copolymers. The optimal reaction conditions, such as initiator concentration, temperature, and reaction time, to achieve the largest weight averaged molecular weight (M w ) and the lowest polydispersity index (PDI) were studied. The reactivity ratios of AM and DMAPS (r 1 , r 2 ) were calculated to be (0.45, 0.84) by the Fineman-Ross method, and (0.47, 0.91) by the Kelen-Tüdös method. The Q-e values of DMAPS were calculated to be (0.30, −0.38). DMAPS was found to be more easily to add into the copolymer than AM to form random copolymers with a slight alternating tendency. Solution rheology and molecular size of the copolymers as a function of M w were studied in 1 M NaCl solution, a near θ-solution, by rotational rheometer and light scattering methods, respectively. Undisturbed dimension of the copolymers was evaluated according to Stockmayer-Fixman relation.

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“…The viscosity and water solubility of polybetaines increase with ionic strength because of main chain expansion. Furthermore, in the case of poly(carboxybetaine)s having a carboxyl group on each side chain as an anionic group the expansion of their main chains is influenced not only by ionic strength but also by pH, owing to their weak anionic groups 5,6) . As a result of these specific properties, polybetaines are interesting materials in academic and industrial fields, such as in enhanced oil recovery, drag reduction, sewage or desalination treatment, flocculation, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a new poly(carboxybetaine) with peptide main chain

Nagaya¹,

Uzawa²,

Minoura³

1999

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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SUMMARY: A new poly(carboxybetaine) whose main chain is composed of peptide bonds was synthesized from poly(c-methyl L-glutamate). The side chains of poly(c-methyl L-glutamate) were exchanged to carboxybetaine structures by three reactions. Our new poly(carboxybetaine) has 84% carboxybetaine structures in the side chains, as determined by 1 H NMR measurements. The presence of betaine structures in the side chains was confirmed by viscosity measurements.

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Water soluble polymers: 69. pH and electrolyte responsive copolymers of acrylamide and the zwitterionic monomer 4-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyldimethylammonio) butanoate: synthesis and solution behaviour

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

pH‐responsive polyzwitterions: A comparative study of acrylamide‐based polyampholyte terpolymers and polybetaine copolymers

pH‐responsive polyzwitterions: A comparative study of acrylamide‐based polyampholyte terpolymers and polybetaine copolymers

Synthesis and solution property of acrylamide-sulfobetaine copolymers

Synthesis of a new poly(carboxybetaine) with peptide main chain

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