Water Stress in the Megacity of Kolkata, India, and Its Implications for Urban Resilience

Ray, Bhaswati; Shaw, Rajib

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802169-9.00020-3

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In fact, despite having less crowded residences vis-à-vis Mumbai, the deprived conditions in non-slum arena are bleaker in Kolkata (Patel et al, 2014). The water-related anomaly (Ray & Shaw, 2016) and housing inequalities (Haque et al, 2020) are also prominent in the city of joy. Such is the condition of water accessibility that Kolkata has the least amount of water supply coverage among the four metro cities (Ray & Shaw, 2016).…”

Section: Kolkatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water-related anomaly (Ray & Shaw, 2016) and housing inequalities (Haque et al, 2020) are also prominent in the city of joy. Such is the condition of water accessibility that Kolkata has the least amount of water supply coverage among the four metro cities (Ray & Shaw, 2016). Things are not good inside the city as well.…”

Section: Kolkatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Things are not good inside the city as well. While the central and the northern parts of the city have pure water provision, the belt areas in the east, west, and south have groundwater as the primary sources (Ray & Shaw, 2016).…”

Section: Kolkatamentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India

Mishra

Gayen

Haque

2020

Habitat International

143

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The global pandemic has an inherently urban character. The UN-Habitat's publication of a Response Plan for mollification of the SARS-CoV-2 based externalities in the cities of the world testifies to that. This article takes the UN-Habitat report as the premise to carry out an empirical investigation in the four major metro cities of India. The report's concern with the urban character of the pandemic has underlined the role of cities in disease transmission. In that wake, the study demarcates factors at the sub-city level that tend to jeopardize the two mandatory precautionary measures during COVID-19-Social Distancing and Lockdown. It investigates those factors through a Covid Vulnerability Index. The Index devised with the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process demarcates the low, moderate, high, and very high vulnerable city sub-units. Secondly, UN-Habitat's one of the major action areas is evidence-based knowledge creation through mapping and its analysis. In our study, we do it at a granular scale for arriving at a more nuanced understanding. Thus, in harmony with the UN-habitat's we take the urban seriously and identify the gaps that need to be plugged for the pandemic cities of now and of the future.

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Section: Kolkatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kolkatamentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India

Mishra

Gayen

Haque

2020

Habitat International

143

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“…However, their harmful effects on their conversion on waste discharge sites and the overexploited resources produce irreversible environmental damage that can turn them into sacrifice zones [9]. Water access is critical in megacities that depend on groundwater because the growing urban land use decreases the aquifers' recharging while demand grows [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Groundwater Management in the Mexico Megacity Peri-Urban Interface

Ríos-Sánchez,

Chamizo-Checa,

Galindo-Castillo

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Megacities boost peri-urban socioeconomic development but fulfill their high natural resource demands by overexploitation, yielding irreversible environmental damage in surroundings that turn into sacrifice zones. This study reports the effects on the Cuautitlán-Pachuca Valley, the Mexico City main expansion zone at the northeast of the metropolitan area on the Central Mexico plateau, the trend scenarios from 2020 to 2050, and the actions to mitigate the growing water demand that will worsen its aquifer overexploitation. We designed a conceptual archetype to apply the Water Evaluation and Planning System (W.E.A.P.) mathematical model calibrated with 2013–2014 data to calculate groundwater volume demand in future scenarios. The demand output for the international airport and agriculture was less than 5%. The local climate change effect up to 2050 will slightly reduce the infiltration. The most crucial water demand increase (195% in 2050) is due to the population and industrial growth of the Mexico City northern municipalities (89% of the total groundwater extraction volume), and the aquifer will have a notable −2192.3 hm3 accumulated deficit in 2050, while urban sprawl will decrease water infiltration by 2.3%. Mitigation scenarios such as rainwater harvesting may reduce the urban water supply only by 9%, and a leak cutback will do so by 24%, which is still insufficient to achieve sustainable water management in the future. These outcomes emphasize the need to consider other actions, such as importing water from near aquifers and treating wastewater reuse to meet the future water demand.

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“…Engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components, such as a water supply network, are used to transport the water. Water distribution system refers to the part of the water supply network that distributes portable water from a centralised treatment plant or a storage system to residential, commercial, industrial, and firefighting purposes [8]. Water distribution systems have always been important for the well-being and development of communities; they grow and evolve in tandem with the growth of towns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Enabled Water Distribution Systems—A Comparative Technological Review

et al. 2022

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Water distribution systems are one of the critical infrastructures and major assets of the water utility in a nation. The infrastructure of the distribution systems consists of resources, treatment plants, reservoirs, distribution lines, and consumers. A sustainable water distribution network management has to take care of accessibility, quality, quantity, and reliability of water. As water is becoming a depleting resource for the coming decades, the regulation and accounting of the water in terms of the above four parameters is a critical task. There have been many efforts towards the establishment of a monitoring and controlling framework, capable of automating various stages of the water distribution processes. The current trending technologies such as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have the potential to track this spatially varying network to collect, process, and analyze the water distribution network attributes and events. In this work, we investigate the role and scope of the IoT technologies in different stages of the water distribution systems. Our survey covers the state-of-the-art monitoring and control systems for the water distribution networks, and the status of IoT architectures for water distribution networks. We explore the existing water distribution systems, providing the necessary background information on the current status. This work also presents an IoT Architecture for Intelligent Water Networks -IoTA4IWNet, for real-time monitoring and control of water distribution networks. We believe that to build a robust water distribution network, these components need to be designed and implemented effectively. INDEX TERMS Internet of things, IoT communication technologies, IoT services, water distribution networkThis article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.

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Water Stress in the Megacity of Kolkata, India, and Its Implications for Urban Resilience

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India

COVID-19 and urban vulnerability in India

The Groundwater Management in the Mexico Megacity Peri-Urban Interface

IoT-Enabled Water Distribution Systems—A Comparative Technological Review

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