Water Supply Crisis and Mitigation Options in Kisumu City, Kenya

Ong'or, Basil T. Iro; Shu, Longcang

doi:10.1080/07900620701488554

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is the third largest city in Kenya, with a population of more than 900,000 (KNBS, 2009 census). The population growth rate is about 5% annually (Tito Iro Ong'Or and Long-Cang, 2007) which is far beyond the previous predictions of about 2% per annum that was based on the 1999 census (NCAPD, 2005).…”

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 80%

“…The data that serve as the basis for this evaluation is presented in other works on this area (e.g. Letema, 2012, Wagah et al, 2010Tito Iro Ong'Or and Long-Cang, 2007;UN-Habitat, 2005) and is neither collected nor validated by the author of this thesis. Moreover, there is a lot of data lacking from the site that is required for the probabilistic evaluation of sanitation options.…”

Section: Implementation Of the Screening And The Probabilistic Evaluamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kisumu has a topography ranging from 800 to 1900 m above sea level, a temperate climate with annual mean temperatures between 18 to 29⁰C, and a mean annual rainfall of about 1300 mm (Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Drainage, cited in Tito Iro Ong 'Or and Long-Cang, 2007).…”

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nyalenda is an unplanned settlement with about 5000 households and a mean family size of about 5 people (Wagah et al, 2010). It is located in a flood-prone area with permanent or seasonal swamps covering the settlement area (Tito Iro Ong'Or and Long-Cang, 2007;UN-Habitat, 2005). Contrary to the belief that water companies are reluctant to provide water to informal settlements due to negligible financial return, Nyalenda settlement is served with treated water from KISWASCO, mainly through many water kiosks in the area, and also through in-house piped connections or yard taps that both together serve about 43% of the population (Wagah et al, 2010).…”

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common type of sanitation in Kisumu is pit latrine due to lack of sufficient water supply (Letema 2012;Tito Iro Ong'Or and Long-Cang, 2007;UN-Habitat, 2005). Pour-flush toilets connected to septic tanks and conventional sewerage systems are the next common modes of sanitation in Kisumu, while eco-san facilities and bio-latrines are also available but in limited use (Letema, 2012).…”

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Judgment under uncertainty; a probabilistic evaluation framework for decision-making about sanitation systems in low-income countries

Malekpour

Langeveld

Letema

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Management

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for their great ideas, inputs and comments on this work. Working with Jules has indeed been a great pleasure for me, not only because he is an outstanding professor, but also because of the great person that he is. Double thanks to Francois for his confidence in me and for creating a great opportunity for my future experiences.I would also like to convey my sincere regards to Prof. Gertjan Medema who has always been a support for me in different stages of my master studies. Many regards to Eng. Amir Hajizadeh, my first and forever manager, who gave me the initial drive to pursue my studies in TU Delft.Loads and loads of appreciation to my mother and to my sweet little family in Delft: Wikke Novalia, Ravina Rukmina Binol, David Ginting and Anthonie Hogendoorn, and all my awesome friends from all over the world who created the most enjoyable moments of my life in the Netherlands. 2 SummarySanitation, as described by the World Health Organization (WHO), refers to the provisions of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.On the outset of the 21 st century, inaccessibility of 40% of the world's inhabitants to sanitation facilities sounds like an international shock. This literally means that 2.6 billion people in the world still rely on a bucket, a bush or a backstreet for excretion.As an inheritance of the colonial period, for years emphasis was made on copying the western sanitary achievements by trying to provide sewerage coverage in developing countries. It was revealed later that the required investments in conventional sewerage systems exceed the allocated financial resources in many of the low-income countries and these sanitation options are not likely to reach the huge poor populations in those regions.Facing the failure of conventional solutions in many cases, alternative solutions (e.g. small-scale systems) were proposed for developing countries, but did not remain protected from criticisms either.Among all available sanitation options, decision makers and planners in developing regions of low-income countries have to encounter the dilemma of which path to choose. Low-income countries, due to their vast socio-economic inhomogeneity, are more complex target locations for selection of appropriate sanitation options. The dynamic situation in these regions with the rapidly growing populations (especially in the urban settings) and the changing socio-economic structures make decision-making a more fragile process. Technically, all options that are required to deal with the global sanitation crisis seem to have been developed already. However, the challenge remains in selection and implementation of the appropriate technologies in a way that the desirable outcomes would be resulted. Some decision-making support tools have been developed so far to address this problem by assisting the decision makers in their challenging task; an attempt that may be described as: The low-sighted leading the clueless, with a map that keeps changing.In the existing sanitation decision-making support ...

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Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Implementation Of the Screening And The Probabilistic Evaluamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: Sanitation For the Unplanned Peri-urban Settlemementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Judgment under uncertainty; a probabilistic evaluation framework for decision-making about sanitation systems in low-income countries

Malekpour

Langeveld

Letema

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Constraints and solutions for groundwater development, supply and governance in urban areas in Kenya

Olago

2018

Hydrogeol J

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Based on a five-town case-study cohort in Kenya, a conceptual framework has been developed to enable the formulation of holistic and effective strategies that encompass the national aspirations and regional to global sustainability agendas, and which can be used to monitor progress in achieving set objectives. The approach is flexible, scalable and transferrable, so that it can be applied in different contexts and using different indicators, based upon the same construct. Insufficient technical knowledge of urban aquifers and their interplay with the wider social-ecological system constrains the development of holistic, effective and robust management systems to ensure their sustainability for intended uses. The objective was to consider governance and management solutions that could promote water security for urban towns in Kenya through the sustainable use of groundwater in the context of its complex hydrogeology, water access disparities, competing uses and future risks. The in force national and county water policies, strategies, and plans for the case study areas were critically reviewed. The status of aquifer knowledge, water access disparities, competing uses, and risks was evaluated from critical literature reviews and data compilation, fieldwork, and analysis of indicator datasets from the Kenya 2009 census. Key aquifers need urgent characterisation to reverse the current situation whereby development proceeds with insufficient aquifer knowledge. Private sector and public participation in management should be enhanced through decentralised management approaches. Water infrastructure and technologies should be fit-for-purpose in application and scale, and the pro-poor focus should be underpinned by appropriately focused management regimes.

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Groundwater pollution in the region of Relizane, Algeria with focus on the physical–chemical and bacteriological characteristics

Fares

Naim

Abed

2021

Int J Energ Water Res

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Water Supply Crisis and Mitigation Options in Kisumu City, Kenya

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Judgment under uncertainty; a probabilistic evaluation framework for decision-making about sanitation systems in low-income countries

Judgment under uncertainty; a probabilistic evaluation framework for decision-making about sanitation systems in low-income countries

Constraints and solutions for groundwater development, supply and governance in urban areas in Kenya

Groundwater pollution in the region of Relizane, Algeria with focus on the physical–chemical and bacteriological characteristics

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