Water table drawdown around an open ditch in organic soils

Boelter, Don H.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(72)90046-7

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Stewart and Lance [32] Hudson and Roberts [33] Coulson et al [34] Silins and Rothwell [35] Burke [36] Stewart and Lance [37] Allot et al [38] Heathwaite [39] Boelter [40] Holden and Burt [41] Prevost et al [42] Gilman [43] Hillman [44] Fen/RB BB and Fen/RB BB Pollboy Figure 5 -Plot of extent of drainage against hydraulic conductivity…”

Section: Extent Of Drainage (E) (M)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An embodied carbon and embodied energy appraisal of a section of Irish motorway constructed in peatlands

Duggan

McCabe

Goggins

et al. 2015

Construction and Building Materials

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In addition to the customary drivers of cost and timely project delivery, embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) have come to prominence in recent years as major design considerations in all aspects of large-scale road construction projects. An assessment of road construction necessitating the excavation or alteration of peat should consider the impact on carbon stored within the peat and the greenhouse gases potentially released. A methodology for calculating the environmental impact of constructing roads on peat is presented in this paper. Furthermore, the paper describes the application of this methodology (focusing on EE and EC calculations) to a case study; a section of the M6 motorway in Ireland for which excavate-and-replace was the ground improvement method (Scenario ER). A range of peatrelated factors impacting on EE and EC estimates were examined, including materials, transport and machinery, as well as more unfamiliar factors such as peat drainage, drainage systems, restoration, slope stability and clearance of vegetation/forest. Comparisons of total EC are investigated under various management practices and restoration techniques for peatlands, assessing their strength in terms of hydrology and carbon storage potential. The total EC and EE for road construction to the sub-base level (and implications thereof) of the 2.14 km section of the M6 discussed in this paper was 17220 tCO2eq (8047 tCO2eq/km) and 54541 GJ (25487 GJ/km) respectively, with carbon loss from excavated peat accounting for 62% of the total EC. Two other ground improvement method scenarios for constructing this section of road were also considered: Scenario S, soil-mixing and Scenario ER+P, an appropriate combination of excavate-and-replace and piling. Scenario S gave rise to a total EC of 25306 tCO2eq (11825 tCO2eq/km) and a total EE of 164364 GJ (76806 GJ/km) while Scenario ER+P gave rise to a total EC of 17048 tCO2eq (7966 tCO2eq/km) and a total EE of 92706 GJ (43320 GJ/km). In this study, Scenario ER was the preferred technique as it had EC comparable to Scenario ER+P and the lowest EE. On the other hand, Scenario S was the least favourable due to the high EC and EE of the binder. However, this paper shows that the EC and EE can be decreased dramatically by changing the binder proportions. Furthermore, the EC of Scenarios ER and ER+P can also be significantly reduced if alternative restoration techniques are employed for excavated peat.3

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Section: Extent Of Drainage (E) (M)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An embodied carbon and embodied energy appraisal of a section of Irish motorway constructed in peatlands

Duggan

McCabe

Goggins

et al. 2015

Construction and Building Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No known large waterlevel fluctuations or long-term lowering of water levels have been measured in lakes not connected to the ditch system. Boelter (1972) determined that ditching in peatlands in northern Minnesota had little effect on water-table aquifers beyond 16 to 160 ft (5 to 50 meters) from the ditches, depending on the depth of the water table and the composition of the organic material surrounding the ditches. Although no known lake-level and groundwater-level data exist before ditch installation, the lack of large agricultural development in the watershed and the continued presence of large wetland complexes in the watershed following the installation of the ditches suggest that the ditches are not removing substantial amounts of water from parts of the watershed far from the ditch system.…”

Section: Effects Of Ditching On Groundwater Resources Recharge Estimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, ditching in the Great Lakes Basin has resulted in an estimated 70-percent loss of wetland area (Detenbeck and others, 1999). Ditches established to reduce water levels in low-lying flat lands, lakes, and wetlands also can change groundwater-flow directions (Boelter, 1972), resulting in decreases in groundwater discharge to lakes and wetlands. Ditching has altered runoff patterns, increased runoff, and increased beaver populations, which can greatly affect hydrology (Bradof, 1992b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of ditching on the groundwater hydrology of a watershed depends on properties of the ditching system, including ditch spacing, depth, orientation, and maintenance (Koivusalo and others, 2008), and on properties of the groundwater-flow system, such as hydraulic conductivity and storativity (specific yield) (Boelter, 1972). Boelter (1972) determined that the effect of ditching on local hydrology in northern Minnesota depended on the hydraulic properties of peat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boelter (1972) determined that the effect of ditching on local hydrology in northern Minnesota depended on the hydraulic properties of peat. Bradof (1992b) determined that the installation of ditches in the Red Lake peatlands of northern Minnesota resulted in water-table drawdown and reversals in groundwater-flow direction within 30 ft of the ditches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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