Water transport in the Bosphorus Straits estimated from hydro-meteorological and altimeter data: seasonal to decadal variability

Peneva, Elisaveta; Stanev, Emil V.; Белокопытов, В. Н.; Traon, Pierre‐Yves Le

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(01)00044-6

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As demonstrated by Stanev et al [2000] and Peneva et al [2001], these data are consistent with the basin mean sea level from TOPEX/Poseidon data and thus are expected to provide a reliable indicator about long-term variability of sea level in the Black Sea.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The changing balance between these different terms results in seasonal sea level oscillations of up to 20 cm [Arkhipkin and Berezhnoi, 1996]. At longer timescales, up to decadal, variability in the hydrological data also exhibits a significant correlation with the variations in sea level [Stanev and Peneva, 2002] suggesting that the water balance continues to play an important role [Peneva et al, 2001]. However, at multidecadal timescales the importance of variations in the water balance and the other factors described above has not yet been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the forcing of sea level in the Black Sea

et al. 2004

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[1] Forcing mechanisms for sea level variability in the Black Sea are investigated in the context of an observed increase in the sea level of this basin by 2.5 mm/yr over the last 60 years. Temperature and salinity variations computed from the Mediterranean Data Archeology and Rescue (MEDAR) data set exhibit significant interdecadal variability. However, the corresponding steric height variation does not show a long-term increase and thus cannot account for the observed change in sea level. The impact of surface freshwater flux (P-E) changes is also investigated using two independent data sets. The first data set, which is based on measurements collected in the basin, can explain most of the sea level variability, with only 0.8 mm/yr remaining unexplained. The second data set, output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis, is unable to explain any of the observed trend. Potential contributions from changes in river runoff and surface pressure are quantified but found to be minor terms. By comparing the observed salinity changes with the sea level rise and the P-E variability in the first data set, we infer that the P-E variations are the primary cause for the observed sea level rise, while land movements are likely to partly contribute, too. The relationship of Black Sea temperature and salinity variability with corresponding variability in the connected Aegean Sea has also been explored. A significant correlation is found between the salinity of the upper water of the Aegean Sea and the layer between 50 and 300 m in the Black Sea, indicating that the latter layer is a product of the Mediterranean inflow.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the forcing of sea level in the Black Sea

et al. 2004

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“…The MSLA behaviour is similar for calculations and observations but the interannual variability of sea level obtained from altimetry is higher. Simulated net flow deviations ΔQ B from the mean value Ǭ Β agree with net flow deviations through the Bosphorus inferred by Peneva et al (2001) from Topex/ Poseidon altimetry and freshwater budget for the period (Fig. 9B).…”

Section: Interannual Variations Of Exchangesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In Fig. 10A and 10B the simulated flows in the Bosphorus Strait are compared with observations (Jarosz et al, 2011b) (Peneva et al, 2001) for the period 1993-1997. (Jarosz et al, 2011b) for the period September 2008-January 2009 in the upper layer A) and the bottom layer B).…”

Section: Interannual Variations Of Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and interannual variability of the water exchange in the Turkish Straits System estimated by modelling

Maderich

Ilyin

Lemeshko³

2015

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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A chain of simple linked models is used to simulate the seasonal and interannual variability of the Turkish Straits System. This chain includes two-layer hydraulic models of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits simulating the exchange in terms of level and density difference along each strait, and a one-dimensional area averaged layered model of the Marmara Sea. The chain of models is complemented also by the similar layered model of the Black Sea proper and by a one-layer Azov Sea model with the Kerch Strait. This linked chain of models is used to study the seasonal and interannual variability of the system in the period 1970-2009. The salinity of the Black Sea water flowing into the Aegean Sea increases by approximately 1.7 times through entrainment from the lower layer. The flow entering into the lower layer of the Dardanelles Strait from the Aegean Sea is reduced by nearly 80% when it reaches the Black Sea. In the seasonal scale, a maximal transport in the upper layer and minimal transport in the bottom layer are during winter/spring for the Bosphorus and in spring for the Dardanelles Strait, whereas minimal transport in upper layer and maximal undercurrent are during the summer for the Bosphorus Strait and autumn for the Dardanelles Strait. The increase of freshwater flux into the Black Sea in interannual time scales (41 m3s-1 per year) is accompanied by a more than twofold growth of the Dardanelles outflow to the North Aegean (102 m3s-1 per year).

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“…Therefore, considering that the sea level at the periphery is maintained, enhanced Rim circulation mainly results in a decrease of the central basin elevation, hence its averaged effect on the MSL. An important consequence of this tight coupling is that the long term variations of the Rim current intensity can be reconstructed based on the MSL signal, which can be retrieved from tide gauge data, as shown by Peneva et al (2001).…”

Section: Sea Level Anomalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variability of Black Sea's hydrodynamics and connection to atmospheric patterns

Capet

Barth

Beckers

et al. 2012

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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The long term variability of the Black Sea physical processes (e.g. temperature, main circulation, cold intermediate layer, sea level) and its relation to atmospheric conditions and large scale climate patterns are investigated using an eddy-resolving tridimensional model in combination with statistical tools (e.g Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Self Organizing Maps). First, the ability of the model to represent the interannual dynamics of the system is assessed by comparing the modeled and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) decomposed into their dominant Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The correlation between the spatial and temporal EOFs modes derived from model and satellite is usually satisfactory and this gives some confidence in using the model as a tool to investigate not only the SST and SLA dynamics but also the dynamics of connected variables.Then, the long term variability of the Black Sea hydrodynamics is assessed by decomposing into their dominant EOFs modeled SST, SLA and selected key hydrodynamical variables associated to the main circulation and vertical structure of the water column. Significant correlations between the EOFs associated to these variables are investigated in order to link the variability of surface fields and the internal dynamics of the system.In particular, the intensity of the general cyclonic circulation (the Rim current) is shown to impact strongly on (1) the mean sea level, (2) the SST response to air temperature (AT), (3) In order to appraise the variability of atmospheric conditions over the Black Sea during 1962-2000 and their role in driving the hydrodynamics, a self-organizing maps technique is used in order to identify spatial recurrent patterns of atmospheric fields (ie. AT, wind stress and curl).The impact on these patterns of large scale climatic variability over the north Atlantic, the Eurasia and Pacific Ocean (estimated by respectively the north Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the east Atlantic/west Russia oscillation (EA/WR) and the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) indexes) is assessed. Distinct time scales of influence of the large scale teleconnection patterns on the AT are identified : EA/WR drives the short scale (1-5 years) variations of SST, while the long term (>5 year) trends of the NAO drive the long term SST trends.The drastic changes that have occurred in the Black Sea deep sea ecosystem at the end of the 80's are connected to an intensification of the general circulation which has promoted an export of riverine materials from the eutrophicated north-western shelf to the deep sea.Finally, in the last two decades, we find an increased duration of persistent atmospheric anomalies regime that have the potentials to drive the system away from its average state as occurred in the late 80s. If persistent in the future, such long lasting atmospheric anomalies may have a significant impact on the ecosystem functioning.

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Water transport in the Bosphorus Straits estimated from hydro-meteorological and altimeter data: seasonal to decadal variability

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

On the forcing of sea level in the Black Sea

On the forcing of sea level in the Black Sea

Seasonal and interannual variability of the water exchange in the Turkish Straits System estimated by modelling

Interannual variability of Black Sea's hydrodynamics and connection to atmospheric patterns

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