Water Treatment Technologies for PFAS: The Next Generation

Horst, John; McDonough, Jeff; Ross, I. J.; Dickson, Michael; Miles, Jonathan A L; Hurst, Jake; Storch, Peter

doi:10.1111/gwmr.12281

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Every PFAS contains a common structural element, the perfluoroalkyl group (C n F 2n+1 ) (Buck et al, 2011b ; Horst et al, 2018 ) and has a linear or a branched alkyl chain (Kissa, 2001 ). PFAS comprise an extensive family tree, the roots of which are illustrated in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Pfas Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For those SSIs using an adsorption technology for mercury removal (i.e., activated carbon or SPC), further PFAS removal is also expected. Activated carbon represents one of the main treatment technologies applied to aqueous streams (Horst et al, 2018 ). Activated carbon is widely used in incinerators, including SSIs, to remove organic pollutants such as PCDDs and PCDFs from flue gas (Niessen, 2002 ).…”

Section: Prospective Ssi Pfas Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full‐scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. Practitioner points Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS. Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear. Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases.

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Section: Pfas Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospective Ssi Pfas Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the perfluoroalkyl chain of fluorotelomers being shortened as part of the oxidation process, there is potential to create more mobile PFAS. The generation of short‐chain PFAAs has been noted with some commercially available treatment processes which may be a significant concern considering their adoption for future treatment of PFAS (Evocra ; Evocra ; Horst et al ; Ross et al ).…”

Section: Considerations For Available Pfas‐relevant Destruction Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Managing the Potential By‐Products of PFAS Destruction

Horst

McDonough

Ross

et al. 2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…As with the removal of other drinking water contaminants, especially considering the common occurrence of co-contamination in drinking water sources, combinations of technologies appear promising and will likely see greater application (Franke et al 2019). In addition, a number of developing technologies (e.g., alternate adsorptive media) may become commercially viable for water treatment or have residuals management applications (e.g., electrochemical oxidation and plasma), with much emphasis on the latter given concerns over the ultimate fate of removed PFAS (Horst et al 2018).…”

Section: Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Suggested Resources and Considerations for Groundwater Professionals

Frankel¹

2021

Groundwater

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a synthetic class of chemicals comprising thousands of compounds, are receiving increased attention over their presence in the environment, their potential effects on human health, and evolving regulation. This article summarizes suggested resources and key considerations for groundwater professionals wishing to familiarize themselves with this class of compounds. Background information, current groundwater-related regulations, risk considerations, comparison to other groundwater contaminants, and mitigation options are discussed, and a broad selection of references is supplied as a resource.

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Water Treatment Technologies for PFAS: The Next Generation

Cited by 67 publications

References 58 publications

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Understanding and Managing the Potential By‐Products of PFAS Destruction

On Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Suggested Resources and Considerations for Groundwater Professionals

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