Water-tree growth in low density polyethylene

Golz, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01412243

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…(i) In the differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) traces of branched and cross-linked polyethylene [29,33] the endothermic take-off begins at temperatures as low as 55 ~ (ii) during the etching reaction, a local increase in temperature cannot be ruled out; (iii) the chain ends, branched and cross-linked points, as well as taut tie molecules (see Fig. 1.4 of Ref.…”

Section: Type-jvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method has not been generalized for poorly crystalline polymers like branched and cross-linked polyethylene. Recently, considerable attention has been drawn to investigate several aspects of branched and cross-linked polyethylene [11,12,[16][17][18][19]; and in particular, considerable activity has focused on the role of morphology in the formation of ,,water trees" in high voltage transmission cables of cross-linked polyethylene [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Some of these morphological investigations on cross-linked polyethylene using a permanganic acid etching technique combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have yielded conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etching and the morphology of branched and cross-linked polyethylene

Gohil

1986

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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A permanganic acid etching technique was used to characterize the genuine morphologies of bulk crystallized samples of linear, branched, and crosslinked polyethylene. Four different kinds of artifacts as large as 15-20 p~a were detected. It was also noted that artifact density could be drastically reduced by proper selection of etching conditions. The morphologies of artifacts were independent of specimen crystallinity and the orientation of lamellar crystals; however, their rate of production was susceptible to the crystallinity of samples. The formation of a fresh surface involved the preferential etching of edge-on and secondary lamellae. As the growth features of cross-linked polyethylene were less than 6 paxa and were mainly sheaf-like structures, growth features could be readily distinguished from the artifacts by transmission electron microscopy. Another type of artifact (globules morphology) produced at angstrom scale was found to depend on the crystallinity and the surface structure of lamellar crystals. It is demonstrated that the fine lamellar details of branched and cross-linked polyethylene can be observed using transmission electron microscopy. Increasing the number of cross-links in polyethylene, modifies the size and nature of supermolecular structures, the periodic twisting of lamellar crystals, and the nature of the nucleation process. The study of a blend of branched and cross-linked polyethylene showed that the structurally dissimilar molecules co-crystallized at low crystallization temperatures, while there is a tendency for molecular fractionation at higher crystallization temperatures.

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Section: Type-jvmentioning

confidence: 99%