Water uptake and migration effects of electroactive ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator

Lee, Jun Ho; Lee, Jong Hoon; Nam, Jae‐Do; Choi, Hyoukryeol; Jung, Kwangmok; Jeon, Jae Wook; Lee, Youngkwan; Kim, Kwang Jin; Tak, Yongsug

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2004.07.001

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For the 0 wt% CCNT content IPMC, the fast anode deformation is induced by the aggregation of cations together with bound water molecules on the cathode side while the relaxation deformation is caused by the reversed diffusion of free water, which has been extensively studied and explained. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The 1 wt% CCNT content IPMC still shows a negative relaxation deformation, but the amplitude of which decreases dramatically with a tendency reverting to the initial state when compared to that of the 0 wt% CCNT content IPMC. This is due to the migration of the secondary dissociated H + and the carried water molecules to the cathode side (as shown in Fig.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast to the Naon-IPMC, Flemion (peruorocarboxylic acid polymer)-IPMC still slowly bends toward the anode side aer a fast initial deformation and slight relaxation. 17 Both of the deformations are too complex to predict or to control. The currently available IPMCs cannot meet the requirements of precise control elds, such as position control, shape control and constant force drive.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast anode deformation is induced by the swelling effect due to the aggregation of cations together with bonded water molecules on the cathode side, while relaxation deformation is caused by the back migration of free water to the anode side. [17][18][19][20] In contrast, Flemion is a peruorocarboxylic acid ionomer with weak acid groups (-COOH) bound to the side chains. For Flemion-IPMC, there is always a considerable amount of undissociated -COOH groups in the matrix aer cation exchange.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable actuation behavior of ionic polymer metal composite utilizing carboxylated carbon nanotube-doped Nafion matrix

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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In this study, we propose to neutralize the relaxation deformation of Nafion-ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) by slow anode deformation of Flemion-IPMC caused by carboxyl groups (-COOH). Carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CCNT) as -COOH carriers were doped into a Nafion matrix. By adjusting the doping content from 0 wt% to 10 wt%, an IPMC with constant steady-state deformation has been achieved at a critical CCNT content of 2 wt%. Moreover, the increasing rate of the slow anode deformation with the

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Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable actuation behavior of ionic polymer metal composite utilizing carboxylated carbon nanotube-doped Nafion matrix

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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“…Such IPMC strips oscillate in response to an alternating input voltage. Thus, electrophoresis-like internal ion-water movement is responsible for creating effective strains for actuation, and the bending capability of an IPMC is strongly related to the hydration of the associated cations [7,24]. Cations with a higher hydration number should generate a higher blocking force and a larger displacement.…”

Section: Hydration Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force optimization of ionic polymer metal composite actuators by an orthogonal array method

Ding

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs), a new kind of electro-active polymer, can be used for micro robotic actuators, artificial muscles and dynamic sensors. However, IPMC actuators have the major drawbacks of a low generative blocking force and dependence on a humid environment, which limit their further application. Multiple process parameters for the fabrication of IPMCs were optimized to produce a maximum blocking force; the parameters included reducing agent concentration, platinum salt concentration in the initial compositing process, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) content. An orthogonal array method was designed and a series of fabrication experiments were carried out to identify the optimum process parameters. The results show that the platinum salt concentration in the initial compositing process plays the most significant role in improving the blocking force of IPMCs, the TEOS content plays an important role, and the reducing agent concentration has no apparent effect on the blocking force. In the optimized conditions, the IPMC actuator exhibited maximum blocking force of 50 mN, and the corresponding displacement was 14 mm. Compared with normal conditions, the blocking force improved 2.4-fold without sacrificing the displacement, and the effective air-operating life was prolonged 5.8-fold for the blocking force and 5-fold for the displacement. This study lays a solid foundation for further applications of IPMCs. Actuation technology is an important symbol of the progress of mechanical systems. The actuator was developed for the steam engine, then internal combustion engines, and now for electromotors, making mechanical systems increasingly more flexible, with higher energy utilization and convenience [1]. New high-performance actuator materials that are capable of converting electrical energy to mechanical energy are needed for a wide range of demanding applications, such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro air vehicles and disk drives [2]. Many studies focus on materials based on the piezoelectric effect and the cholesteric-nematic transition [3]. However, because of the high driving voltage, relatively small stroke, low frequency and large energy consumption, these materials may not satisfy the needs of microrobots and MEMS for high flexibility, redundancy rate and load/weight ratio. Thus the artificial muscle with low driving voltage and large deformation has experienced rapid growth in academic interest and industrial application [4,5]. Since Oguro's group reported bending behavior in an applied electric field for the first time in 1992 [1], ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs), also termed "artificial muscle", are considered to be one of the most promising EAPs (electroactive polymers), and have experienced rapid growth in academic interest and industrial application. An IPMC is composed of a perfluorinated ion exchange membrane (with ion exchange capacity ~0.95 mmol H + /g poly-

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“…Micro-actuators based on conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline, and polythiophene have been widely investigated in the field of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and bio-mimetic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The principle of actuators with a bi-layer structure of conducting polymer and metal layer (or non-conducting organic layer) is based on the volume expansion of the conducting polymer by doping ions from electrolyte solutions into the polymer layer and on a volume shrinkage by dedoping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a three-dimensional micro-manipulator by laser irradiation and electrochemical techniques and the effect of electrolytes on its performance

Kikuchi¹,

Akiyama²,

Ueda³

et al. 2007

Electrochimica Acta

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Ribbon type and three-dimensional micro-actuators, consisting of three-layer structure of acrylic acid resin / Au / polypyrrole, were fabricated by aluminum anodizing, laser irradiation, and electrochemical techniques, and their performance was examined. Anodized aluminum specimens were irradiated with a pulsed Nd-YAG laser to remove anodic oxide films locally, and then an Au layer was deposited at the 2 area where film had been removed. The subsequent electrophoretic deposition of acrylic acid resin on the Au layer, dissolution of anodic oxide film and the metal substrate, and deposition of polypyrrole on backside of Au layer by electro-polymerization enabled the fabrication of a three-layer actuator. Cyclic voltammetry of the ribbon type actuator in different electrolyte solutions showed that redox reactions of polypyrrole is accompanied with doping and dedoping of hydrated cations, and that the redox reaction strongly depends on the valency of cations in the solutions. The three-dimensional micro-actuator showed good performance as a manipulator, gripping and moving objects of several mg in solutions.

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Water uptake and migration effects of electroactive ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator

Cited by 81 publications

References 33 publications

Tunable actuation behavior of ionic polymer metal composite utilizing carboxylated carbon nanotube-doped Nafion matrix

Tunable actuation behavior of ionic polymer metal composite utilizing carboxylated carbon nanotube-doped Nafion matrix

Force optimization of ionic polymer metal composite actuators by an orthogonal array method

Fabrication of a three-dimensional micro-manipulator by laser irradiation and electrochemical techniques and the effect of electrolytes on its performance

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