Water within, moving through, and shaping the Earth's surface: Introducing a special issue on water in the critical zone

Fan, Ying; Grant, Gordon E.; Anderson, Suzanne P.

doi:10.1002/hyp.13638

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Understanding and monitoring water movement in the subsurface is important to characterize the processes occurring in the earth critical zone. Indeed, water plays crucial roles 1 in supporting terrestrial life, shaping and interacting with that zone (Fan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective excess charge model to describe hysteresis effects on streaming potential

Soldi

Guarracino

Jougnot

2020

Journal of Hydrology

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Streaming potentials are produced by the coupling between the water flow and the electrical current generated by the drag of electrical charges within the pore water of the media. This electrokinetic coupling is strongly influenced by the hydraulic properties that control groundwater flow (permeability, saturation and pressure head). Under unsaturated conditions, hydrogeologic studies have widely established that the relationships of permeability and saturation with pressure head are different for drainage and imbibition experiments. The hysteresis phenomenon present on these properties produces a hysteretic behaviour on the streaming potential which has been recently observed in experimental data. Hysteresis can be explained by the presence of irregularities in the pore geometry of the media which affects the water flow and, therefore, the excess charge density that is effectively dragged by the flow. In this study, we present a physically-based analytical model to describe the hysteresis phenomenon in the estimates of the effective excess charge density. Under the assumptions of a porous medium represented by a bundle of tortuous capillary tubes with throats and a fractal pore size distribution, hysteretic curves are obtained for the effective excess charge density as a function of pressure head using a flux averaging technique. These analytical expressions are closed-form and depend on the medium petrophysical and chemical properties. The predictions of the proposed model are consistent with laboratory data from drainage-imbibition experiments. These results open up exciting possibilities for studies involving water movement and processes in the vadose zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective excess charge model to describe hysteresis effects on streaming potential

Soldi

Guarracino

Jougnot

2020

Journal of Hydrology

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“…CO2 isotope measurements were performed using a Delta V plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) fitted with a Gasbench II, Thermo Electron GmbH. 13 C/ 12 CDIC isotope ratios were reported with the δ notation, with respect to the Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) international standard. Repeated analyses of standards (NBS-19) and samples revealed a δ 13 CDIC precision and For the analyses of anions and oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, strontium, and boron isotopes, the water samples were filtered at 0.45 µm, whereas for nitrogen isotopic analysis, the water samples were filtered at 0.20 µm (using Minisart ® NML syringe cellulose acetate filters, Göttingen, Germany).…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes of Adige river water are reported in Table 1. These parameters are sensitive indicators of temperature and humidity at the regional scale, and their monitoring is essential to the understanding of climatic changes [11][12][13][14][15][16]49,50]. For the samples considered in this study, the values refer to distinct sampling periods, plotted as δ 18 O vs. the distance from the source, as shown in a diagram that displays sub-parallel trends (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Water Stable Isotopes (δ 2 H δ 18 O)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in the water flux does not necessarily imply a reduction in elemental fluxes, as dissolved components are related to the weathering processes of bedrocks and soils, which can increase with increasing temperature in a climate change scenario, and are also impacted by human activity. For this reason, geochemical investigations of rivers from Alpine regions are very important to trace the water-rock interaction processes, and more generally, the functioning and evolution of the CZ, including the responses to environmental modifications caused by both natural and human-induced forces [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes

Marchina¹,

Knöller²,

Pennisi³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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The water composition of the river Adige displays a Ca–HCO3 hydrochemical facies, mainly due to rock weathering. Nitrate is the only component that has increased in relation to growing anthropogenic inputs. The aim of this paper was to identify the origin of the dissolved components in this river and to establish the relationship between these components and critical zone processes within an evolving framework where climatic and human impacts are influencing the riverine system. In particular, emphasis is given to a wide spectrum of isotope data (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B), which is considered useful for determining water origin as well as natural and anthropogenic impacts on riverine geochemistry. Together with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, which are strictly related to the climatic conditions (precipitation, temperature, humidity), the carbon, sulphur, strontium and boron signatures can describe the magnitude of rock weathering, which is in turn linked to the climatic parameters. δ13CDIC varies regularly along the riverine profile between −4.5‰ and −9.5‰, and δ34SSO4 varies regularly between +4.4‰ and +11.4‰. On the other hand, δ15NNO3 shows a more scattered distribution between +3.9‰ and +10.5‰, with sharp variations along the riverine profile. 87Sr/86Sr varies between 0.72797 in the upper part of the catchment and 0.71068 in the lower part. δ11B also shows a rough trend, with values approaching 7.6‰ in the upper part and 8.5‰ in the lower part. In our view, the comparatively low δ34S, δ11B, and high 87Sr/86Sr values, could be a proxy for increasing silicate weathering, which is a process that is sensitive to increases in temperature.

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“…After precipitation, for instance, water content increases in a soil further influencing water fluxes such as groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and evapotranspiration. These processes characterize the critical zone and are closely related to ecosystems' productivity, climate variability, slope stability, and water availability and quality [4,5], hence the interest in measuring soil moisture and mapping its temporally varying distribution in the subsurface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France

Blazevic

Bodet

Pasquet

et al. 2020

Water

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The vadose zone is the main host of surface and subsurface water exchange and has important implications for ecosystems functioning, climate sciences, geotechnical engineering, and water availability issues. Geophysics provides a means for investigating the subsurface in a non-invasive way and at larger spatial scales than conventional hydrological sensors. Time-lapse hydrogeophysical applications are especially useful for monitoring flow and water content dynamics. Largely dominated by electrical and electromagnetic methods, such applications increasingly rely on seismic methods as a complementary approach to describe the structure and behavior of the vadose zone. To further explore the applicability of active seismics to retrieve quantitative information about dynamic processes in near-surface time-lapse settings, we designed a controlled water infiltration experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory (France) during which successive periods of infiltration were followed by surface-based seismic and electrical resistivity acquisitions. Water content was monitored throughout the experiment by means of sensors at different depths to relate the derived seismic and electrical properties to water saturation changes. We observe comparable trends in the electrical and seismic responses during the experiment, highlighting the utility of the seismic method to monitor hydrological processes and unsaturated flow. Moreover, petrophysical relationships seem promising in providing quantitative results.

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Water within, moving through, and shaping the Earth's surface: Introducing a special issue on water in the critical zone

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

An effective excess charge model to describe hysteresis effects on streaming potential

An effective excess charge model to describe hysteresis effects on streaming potential

The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes

Time-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France

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