Waterborne exposure to fluorotelomer alcohol 6:2 FTOH alters plasma sex hormone and gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis of zebrafish

Toxicogenomic Responses of Zebrafish Embryos/Larvae to Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TDCPP) Reveal Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Developmental Toxicity

“…Adult zebrafish (AB strain, 5-month old) were maintained as described previously. 11 To ensure consistency in developmental stages, all fertilized eggs used in the present study were obtained by artificial fertilization 12 and subjected to stereo microscope examination to select embryos undergoing normal development for subsequent experiments. The exposure experiments were conducted in two parts.…”

Chronic exposure to environmental levels of tribromophenol impairs zebrafish reproduction

“…The blood samples were centrifuged at 3500×g for 5 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected and stored at − 80°C. The sex hormones in the plasma samples were detected by using the testosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Kit (detection limit, 6 pg/mL) and estradiol EIA Kit (detection limit, 19 pg/mL) obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and with slight modifications in the method proposed by Liu et al (2009). The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variance (CV) for measurements of 17β-estradiol and testosterone were determined to be b10%.…”

“…After exposure the adult (F 0 ) until 120 dpf, a subset of sexually mature female and male fish was separated and paired according to the method described by Liu et al (2009). Eggs were collected for 3 successive weeks.…”

Endocrine disruption and reproductive impairment in zebrafish by exposure to 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol

“…The estrogenic activities were further demonstrated in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes (Liu et al, 2007) and in Japanese medaka (Ishibashi et al, 2008). Waterborne exposure of 6:2 FTOH to zebrafish caused increased plasma estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels and altered the transcriptional profiles of some genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and liver (Liu et al, 2009), suggesting that FTOHs can affect steroidgenetic activity. In fish, reproduction is regulated by the coordinated interaction of the HPG axis and the liver (Villeneuve et al, 2008), where certain hormones, e.g., follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), T and E2 regulate gametogenesis and maturation to control the reproductive process (Nagahama and Yamashita, 2008;Sofikitis et al, 2008).…”

“…Adult zebrafish (4-month-old) (males: 378 ± 24 mg; females: 563 ± 36 mg) were maintained at 28 ± 0.5 • C with a 14:10 light/dark cycle in a charcoal-filtered tap water (pH 7.0-7.4) according to the protocol previous described (Liu et al, 2009). Before the chemical exposure, zebrafish were acclimated in 15 L glass tanks (containing 10 L charcoal-filtered tap water) for 1-week.…”