Waterborne polyurethanes from self-catalytic tartaric acid-based polyols for environmentally-friendly sizing agents

A novel waterborne g‐CPP sizing agent for the interfacial enhancement of SCF/PP composites

“…The contact angle and surface free energy were used to describe the influence of the g-CPP sizing agent on the surface wettability of SCF. [33] Table 1 shows the results for SCF-(0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2), where the dynamic contact angle was reduced from 81.52 to 60.04 for deionized water and from 72.83 to 55.37 for diiodomethane, indicating that g-CPP greatly enhanced the surface wettability of SCF. The decreasing range of diiodomethane was much less than that of deionized water, suggesting the carbon fiber surface's weak polarity.…”

“…[31] For example, Yan et al [32] prepared an aqueous sizing agent for PEEK by modifying the PEEK resin to improve its solubility in order to increase interfacial adhesion and improve the interfacial properties of composites. Dai et al [33] studied and designed a new polyurethane sizing agent on the grounds of the structural similarity between polyurethane and PA. The chemical structure of chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) is comparable to PP and its good solubility making it easier to create aqueous sizing agents for PP matrices.…”

Synthesis of a fully bio-based self-catalyzed hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane as a sizing agent for enhancing the interfacial properties of CF/PA6 composites

“…These techniques encompass a range of methodologies, such as chemical vapor deposition, 12 surface grafting, 13 and sizing. 14 Among these approaches, appropriate sizing has emerged as a pivotal strategy in CF composite manufacturing, distinguished by its efficiency, accessibility, and noteworthy capacity for bolstering the interfacial region. 15 Nevertheless, it is important to note that the currently commercial CF sizing agents predominantly consist of conventional thermosetting resins, rendering them ill-suited for integration with thermoplastic resin systems and resulting in weak interfacial interactions.…”

Enhancing interfacial solvent resistance and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone composites with water‐borne sizing agents based on cross‐linkable polyphthalonitrile

“…[1][2][3] However, the significant challenge arises from the high melting temperature (T m ), elevated melt viscosity, and limited solubility of PEEK resins, 4 along with their poor compatibility with the inert surface of CF, [5][6][7] which manifests as a shortfall in the interphase connection between fiber and PEEK, eventually leading to a compromised stresstransfer efficiency and less-than-ideal mechanical properties of the composites. 8 To enhance the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites, researchers have diligently refined the chemical composition and morphology of CF surfaces using techniques such as electrodeposition, 9 plasma treatment, 10 self-assembly, [11][12][13] chemical grafting, 14 and sizing, [15][16][17] among which sizing method has convincingly demonstrated its unique ability in elevating the interphase interaction between fiber and matrix resins through the formation of vital "bridging" linkages. 18 Furthermore, the indispensable utility of sizing in CF production offers the dual advantages of operational simplicity and high efficiency.…”