Waterfowl Production and Water Level Fluctuation

Markham, Brent J.

doi:10.4296/cwrj0704022

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mandarin duck population in relation to water level The water level is a variable with extremely complex ecological consequences (Roberts 1991). Its fluctuation affects the ducks in several ways (Markham 1982). The depth determines both the species that can feed there and the feeding method of dabbling species (Roberts 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata) wintering at dam lakes in the Chugoku district, western Japan.

Mahaulpatha

Nakane

et al. 2001

Ecology and Civil Engineering

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ECEEcology and Civil Engineering ‰ž-p• ¶'Ô•HŠwAbstract:Wintering mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) populations and their behavioural adaptations were analyzed in relation to habitat conditions at six dam lakes in the Chugoku district of western Japan, from September 1999 to March 2000. Mandarin duck densities in the dam lakes were significantly correlated with the shoreline bordered by trees. Mandarin duck densities in the dam lakes were also affected by the decrease in the water level. Overhanging branches and dense vegetation along the shoreline provided mandarin ducks with suitable resting cover and shelter. Receding water levels made resting cover unavailable by exposing these sites. The most notable response to a decline in water level was to move into sites with abundant cover such as those found in pools of the inflow rivers. Since it is practically impossible to maintain constant water levels in dam lakes, we suggest that small adjacent impoundments with sufficient cover should be built to attract mandarin ducks to artificial reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ducks adapt in several ways to small changes in water level within the natural fluctuation patterns of ponds, rivers and natural lakes (Markham 1982). However, they have difficulty in coping with large water level variations found in artificial reservoirs (Reitan and Sandvik 1996).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata) wintering at dam lakes in the Chugoku district, western Japan.

Mahaulpatha

Nakane

et al. 2001

Ecology and Civil Engineering

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“…Also, newborn chicks were observed on floating invasive water plants. Invasive water plants Effect of water level fluctuation The effects of water-level fluctuations on water birds are well known (Reinecke 1981;Markham 1982;Mahaulpatha et al 2002). They include loss of suitable foraging, nesting and resting sites.…”

Section: Effect Of Invasive Plants On Habitat Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water-level fluctuation and invasive water plants on pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirugus) at the Annaiwilundawa Ramsar site of northwestern Sri Lanka

Mahaulpatha

Mahaulpatha²,

Wasantha³

2007

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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The effects of alien invasive water plants (Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta, Imperata cylindrical and Mikania micrantha) on the pheasanttailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirugus) was studied in three reservoirs from June 2004 to May 2005 at the Annaiwilundawa Ramsar site of northwestern Sri Lanka. Jacanas were observed in significantly fewer numbers among invasive plants and open water and in significantly higher numbers among grass and floating leaved plants than predicted from the proportions of the reservoirs covered by these habitat types (Annaiwilundawa v 2 = 64.35, P < 0.0001; Suruwila v 2 = 45.66, P < 0.0001; Maiyawa v 2 = 33.35, P < 0.0001). Feeding was the major activity of the pheasant-tailed jacana during the study period [analysis of variance (ANOVA) F = 79.58, P < 0.0001 in the morning and F = 85.53, P < 0.0001 in the evening]. Jacanas preferred to forage in grass and floating leaved vegetation compared to invasive plants and open water (ANOVA F = 168.63, P < 0.001). The jacana population was significantly positively correlated with water level in all three reservoirs. (Spearman's rank correlation, Annaiwilundawa z = 2.035, P < 0.05; Suruwila z = 2.19, P < 0.05; Maiyawa z = 2.563, P < 0.05). The findings of this study revealed that the most critical factor for the occupation of the reservoirs by jacanas was the water level and that the spread of the invasive plants in these reservoirs were detrimental to jacanas, since these plants deprived jacanas of useful foraging habitats.

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“…The water level is a variable with profoundly non-linear and extremely complex ecological consequences (Roberts, 1991). Its fluctuations affect the breeding success of, for example, ducks in several ways (Markham, 1982). The depth determines both the species that can feed there and the feeding method, for instance for dabbling ducks (Roberts, 1991).…”

Section: Significance Of the Water Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A serious problem affecting breeding water-birds is fluctuations in reservoir water levels. The water level is an important factor affecting both the surface area, the depth, the shore length and the vegetation cover above the water surface (Markham, 1982;Roberts, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Retaining Dams in Hydropower Reservoirs for Enhancing Bird Habitat

Reitan

SANDVIK²

1996

Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt.

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The River Inna in the south Norwegian subalpine region was regulated in 1979-1982, creating a 6.7 km2 reservoir with a 35 m range in water level. This reservoir inundated good habitat for wetland birds and, in general, provided poor habitat for birds. Along the main inflow river, but within the reservoir, a retaining dam was constructed after the breeding season in 1989 to create habitat for native ducks. The dam maintains a nearly constant water level about 1 m below the highest water level in the reservoir; this is especially important for ducks throughout the breeding season. The ducks showed an immediate response in the first season, increasing both in number of species and number of individuals of several species. To discern some factors responsible for attracting ducks to this pond, all ducks were censused at least 12 times each breeding season between 1990 and 1994. The numbers varied widely, both from one year to another and during each breeding season. Wigeon (Anas penelope) numbers after dam construction were highest early in the season. Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) numbers mainly varied from one year to another, while long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) numbers varied greatly through the season. In general, variations in water level had little effect on duck numbers. Four species established breeding populations in the pond. Such ponds may be valuable for establishing duck populations in many areas otherwise unsuitable for breeding water-birds. Appropriate management may also improve the chances of this being a rich habitat for several duck species in the future.

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Waterfowl Production and Water Level Fluctuation

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Factors affecting mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata) wintering at dam lakes in the Chugoku district, western Japan.

Factors affecting mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata) wintering at dam lakes in the Chugoku district, western Japan.

Effects of water-level fluctuation and invasive water plants on pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirugus) at the Annaiwilundawa Ramsar site of northwestern Sri Lanka

An Assessment of Retaining Dams in Hydropower Reservoirs for Enhancing Bird Habitat

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