“…It occurs in the great snipe (Gallinago media) (Swanberg, 1965;Ferdinand, 1966), the American woodcock (Philohela minor) (Pitelka, 1943;Sheldon, 1967), the ruff (Philomachus pugnax) (Hogan-Warburg, 1966), the pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) (Pitelka, 1959;Pitelka et al, 1974), and the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) (Pitelka et al, 1974) among shorebirds, in Argus pheasants (Rheinartia and Argusianus) (Beebe, 1926;Delacour, 1951) among gallinaceous birds, in some populations of the great bustard (Otis tarda) (Gewalt, 1959;Lukschanderl, 1971) and little bustard (0. tetrax) (Dement'ev and Gladkov, 1967), and in Muscovy ducks (Gairina moschata) and musk ducks (Biziura lobata) among waterfowl (Delacour, 1954(Delacour, -1964Johnsgaard, 1965;Lack, 1968). Pitelka et al (1974) associated promiscuity in shorebirds with spatiotemporally variable food resources and an opportunistic breeding strategy.…”