Waterfowl Toxicology: A Review

Degernes, Laurel A.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2007.12.001

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In contrast, low iron concentrations may result from displacement by toxic heavy metals, mainly cadmium from metalloprotein association in the alimentary canal (Kobayashi 1973). Zinc and manganese are essential elements for the growth and development of chicks, but elevated concentrations of both elements might be cause of disrupted metabolism (Degernes 2008). In this study, iron, zinc and manganese concentrations in every tissue were within the range of other birds without any ecological toxicity (Horai et al 2007;Deng et al 2007;Nam and Lee 2009;Taggart et al 2009;Orłowski et al 2012).…”

Section: Essential Elementssupporting

confidence: 43%

“…Cadmium concentrations [3 lg/g dw in the liver and [8 lg/g dw in the kidney suggest hazardous environmental exposure (Scheuhammer 1987) and[40 lg/g dw in the liver and [100 lg/g dw in the kidney are indicative of toxicosis (Degernes 2008). The average cadmium concentrations of heron and egret chicks except Grey Heron chicks were consistent with chronic exposure to cadmium where liver cadmium concentrations are less than kidney concentrations (Scheuhammer 1987).…”

Section: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 73%

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Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Heron and Egret Chicks from Pyeongtaek, Korea

Kim

2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Iron, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium were measured in the liver, kidney and bone of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Intermediate Egret (Egretta intermedia), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) from Korea. Iron, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium concentrations had species- and tissue- specific accumulation. Lead concentrations in all tissues of Black-crowned Night Heron and cadmium in kidneys of Intermediate Egret chicks were relatively higher than in other species. Iron and manganese in the liver, zinc in the bone, and lead and cadmium in the kidney were relatively higher than other tissues and these results have been reported in other birds. Lead concentrations in all species were at a level associated with acute lead poisoning and cadmium concentrations except for Grey Heron chicks were at a level associated with chronic cadmium exposure. Lead concentrations in livers and bones of heron and egret chicks were within a range considered background level (<6.00 μg/g dw). But, lead concentrations in kidneys of 12 of 37 heron and egret chicks were at concentrations associated with lethal lead poisoning (6.00-18 μg/g dw) and 7 of 37 chicks were compatible with death (>18.0 μg/g dw). For cadmium, all liver and kidney concentrations were at a level considered background for birds (<3.00 μg/g dw). Essential elements such as iron, zinc and manganese concentrations were within the range observed in other birds.

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Section: Essential Elementssupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 73%

Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Heron and Egret Chicks from Pyeongtaek, Korea

Kim

2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…This trend can be explained by either the negative, poisonous effects of pesticides (Rattner et al 2005;Degernes 2008), or the positive effects of fertilizer application on herbivorous birds (van Eerden et al 2005;Amano et al 2007). Herbivorous birds are relatively more abundant in the inland provinces, but the positive relationship between GDP and the contribution of animal matter in the diet (and hence a decrease in the contribution of herbivorous birds) for the inland provinces is difficult to explain, and calls for a more detailed analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in fertilizer use has been linked with an increase in the local density and population growth of herbivorous bird populations, including several geese species (van Eerden et al 2005;Amano et al 2007). However, pesticide use, such as organochlorines, that are widely used in eastern China, have known negative effects on especially bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous waterbirds (Rattner et al 2005;Degernes 2008). Hence, herbivorous species are expected to benefit from intensification of agricultural production, whereas bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous birds are expected to be negatively affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Community Composition of European and Eastern Chinese Waterbirds and the Influence of Human Factors on the China Waterbird Community

Boer

Cao

Barter

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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We compared the European and eastern Chinese waterbird assemblages and checked whether the effects of human disturbance could be detected in the assemblages' composition. For the different Chinese provinces, we expected to find a negative effect of economic development on the mean bird species mass and on the proportion of bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous bird species. We also expected to find relatively fewer large species in the Chinese assemblage. Species rankabundance curves were relatively similar, but China had significantly more species with smaller body masses. The China assemblage was characterized by relatively higher abundance of heavy-bodied species, contrary to our expectations. Mean bird body mass decreased in China with increasing disturbance and increasing gross domestic product (GDP). For coastal provinces in China the percentage of bentivorous, piscivorous and insectivorous bird species declined with increasing GDP, maybe through the increased use of pesticides or fertilizer.

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“…Botulism has been reported as an important waterfowl toxin (Degernes 2008) and toxin of C. botulinum is very stable in the environment. It can be ingested by insect larvae with only two to three maggots capable of causing clinical signs if eaten by a duck (Smith 2008).…”

Section: Duck Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors limiting traditional household duck production in Bangladesh

Hoque

Skerratt

Rahman

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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A cross sectional survey of duck production was carried out in 2002 on 771 traditional, semiscavenging household duck farms on the coastal Island of Hatia. We determined the socioeconomic characteristics of duck farmers and their management systems, identified the factors associated with egg production, and measured the level of selected duck diseases and current preventive strategies. Household family size varied from 1 to 14 individuals and women were the main caretakers of ducks. Around 34% of keepers were illiterate. Most duck products (eggs and meat; 85%) were sold at the local market. Duck houses were poorly ventilated and a variety of bedding materials were used. Feed was available in nearby scavenging areas; however, additional feed was frequently supplied by farmers. Almost all farmers (96%) ranked the rainy season as the best time for rearing ducks due to greater feed availability. The annual egg production was 79 eggs per layer with a weight of 48 g and a hatchability rate of 87%. Egg production varied by zone (p < 0.05). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 0.5 times lower in educated farmers (p = 0.001). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 2.5 times more likely in ducks that attained sexual maturity at >22 weeks (p<0.001). Most farmers ranked duck plague as the most important disease, followed by duck cholera, botulism, and duck viral hepatitis. Preventive vaccination was sporadic and used by few farmers (28%). There are significant opportunities for improved duck production on the Island of Hatia and in Bangladesh generally.

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Waterfowl Toxicology: A Review

Cited by 47 publications

References 64 publications

Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Heron and Egret Chicks from Pyeongtaek, Korea

Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Heron and Egret Chicks from Pyeongtaek, Korea

Comparing the Community Composition of European and Eastern Chinese Waterbirds and the Influence of Human Factors on the China Waterbird Community

Factors limiting traditional household duck production in Bangladesh

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