“…In WJ peening, a high velocity waterjet impinges the substrate and generates a surface pressure distribution that induces localized plastic deformation (Daniewicz and Cummings, 1999;Tonshoff et al, 1995). Though WJ peening generally does not change the surface texture of the substrate (Arola et al, 2002;Colosimo et al, 2000;Ramulu et al, 2000;Salko, 1984;Wagner, 1999), an increase in roughness can arise in treating substrates with low yield strength, or under operating conditions comprised of high jet pressures and long exposure times (Colosimo et al, 2000;Daniewicz and Cummings, 1999;Hirano et al, 1996;Knapp and Taylor, 1996). Residual stresses invoked by the surface deformation are dependent on the peening conditions but are primarily compressive in nature.…”